MJ

THE LEIPZIG DECLARATION ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE As independent scientists concerned with atmospheric and climate problems, we -- along with many of our fellow citizens -– are apprehensive about emission targets and timetables adopted at the Climate Conference held in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. This gathering of politicians from some 160 signatory nations aims to impose on citizens of the industrialized nations, -- but not on others -- a system of global environmental regulations that include quotas and punitive taxes on energy fuels to force substantial cuts in energy use within 10 years, with further cuts to follow. Stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide -- the announced goal of the Climate Treaty -- would require that fuel use be cut by as much as 60 to 80 percent -- worldwide! Energy is essential for economic growth. In a world in which poverty is the greatest social pollutant, any restriction on energy use that inhibits economic growth should be viewed with caution. We understand the motivation to eliminate what are perceived to be the driving forces behind a potential climate change; but we believe the Kyoto Protocol -- to curtail carbon dioxide emissions from only part of the world community -- is dangerously simplistic, quite ineffective, and economically destructive to jobs and standards-of-living. More to the point, we consider the scientific basis of the 1992 Global Climate Treaty to be flawed and its goal to be unrealistic. The policies to implement the Treaty are, as of now, based solely on unproven scientific theories, imperfect computer models -- and the unsupported assumption that catastrophic global warming follows from an increase in greenhouse gases, requiring immediate action. We do not agree. We believe that the dire predictions of a future warming have not been validated by the historic climate record, which appears to be dominated by natural fluctuations, showing both warming and cooling. These predictions are based on nothing more than theoretical models and cannot be relied on to construct far-reaching policies. As the debate unfolds, it has become increasingly clear that –- contrary to the conventional wisdom -- there does not exist today a general scientific consensus about the importance of greenhouse warming from rising levels of carbon dioxide. In fact, most climate specialists now agree that actual observations from both weather satellites and balloon-borne radiosondes show no current warming whatsoever--in direct contradiction to computer model results. Historically, climate has always been a factor in human affairs -– with warmer periods, such as the medieval "climate optimum," playing an important role in economic expansion and in the welfare of nations that depend primarily on agriculture. Colder periods have caused crop failures, and led to famines, disease, and other documented human misery. We must, therefore, remain sensitive to any and all human activities that could affect future climate. However, based on all the evidence available to us, we cannot subscribe to the politically inspired world view that envisages climate catastrophes and calls for hasty actions. For this reason, we consider the drastic emission control policies deriving from the Kyoto conference -- lacking credible support from the underlying science -- to be ill-advised and premature. ******************************************************************************** This statement is based on the International Symposium on the Greenhouse Controversy, held in Leipzig, Germany on Nov. 9-10, 1995, and in Bonn, Germany on Nov. 10-11, 1997. For further information, contact the Europaeische Akademie fuer Umweltfragen or The Science and Environmental Policy Project in Arlington, Virginia. http://www.sepp.org/leipzig.html SIGNATORIES TO THE LEIPZIG DECLARATION The following is a partial list only. Following the Kyoto Conference on global warming, the original Declaration was slightly amended. The posting of 33 additional signatories is pending verification that the scientists still agree with the statement. The list will be updated as these verifications come in. Dr. John Apel, oceanographer, Global Oceans Associates, formerly with Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Dr. David Aubrey, Senior Scientist, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Massachusetts Dr. Duwayne M. Anderson,Professor, Texas A&M University Dr. Robert Balling, Professor and Director of the Office of Climatology, Arizona State University; more than 80 research articles published in scientific journals; author of The Heated Debate: Greenhouse Predictions vs. Climate Reality (1992); coauthor, Interactions of Desertifications and Climate, a report for the UN Environmental Program and the World Meteorological Organization; contributor/reviewer, IPCC. Dr. Jack Barrett, Imperial College, London, UK Dr. Warren Berning, atmospheric physicist, New Mexico State University Dr. Jiri Blumel, Institute Sozialokon. Forschg. Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic Bruce Boe, atmospheric scientist and Director of the North Dakota Atmospheric Resources Board; member, American Meteorological Society; former chairman, AMS Committee on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification. Dr. C.J.F. Böttcher, Chairman of the Board, The Global Institute for the Study of Natural Resources, The Hague, The Netherlands; Professor Emeritus of physical chemistry, Leiden University; past President of the Science Policy Council of The Netherlands; former member, Scientific Council for Government Policy; former head of the Netherlands Delegation to the OECD Committee for Science and Technology; author, The Science and Fiction of the Greenhouse Effect and Carbon Dioxide; founding member of The Club of Rome. Dr. Arthur Bourne, Professor, University of London, UK Larry H. Brace, physicist, former director of the Planetary Atmospheres Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; recipient NASA Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement. Dr. Norman M.D. Brown, FRSC, Professor, University of Ulster. Dr. R.A.D. Byron-Scott, meteorologist, formerly senior lecturer in meteorology, Flinders Institute for Atmospheric and Marine Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Dr. Joseph Cain, Professor of planetary physics and geophysics, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute, Florida State University; elected Fellow, American Geophysical Union; formerly with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (scientific satellites) and the U.S. Geological Survey. Dr. Gabriel T. Csanady, meteorologist, Eminent Professor, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. Robert Cunningham, consulting meteorologist, Fellow, American Meteorological Society Dr. Fred W. Decker, Professor of meteorology, Oregon State University, Corvalis, Oregon; elected Fellow, AAAS; member, RMS, NWA, AWA, AMS. Lee W. Eddington, meteorologist, Naval Air Warfare Center Dr. Hugh Ellsaesser, atmospheric scientist, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1963-1986); Participating Guest Scientist, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab. (1986-1996), more than 40 refereed research papers and major reports in the scientific literature. Dr. John Emsley, Imperial College, London, UK Dr. Otto Franzle, Professor, University of Kiel, Germany Dr. C.R. de Freitas, climate scientist, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Editor of the international journal Climate Research Dr. John E. Gaynor, Senior Meteorologist, Environmental Technology Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado Dr. Tor Ragnar Gerholm, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Stockholm, member of Nobel Prize selection committee for physics; member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, author of several books on science and technology. Dr. Gerhard Gerlich, Professor, Technical University of Braunschweig. Dr. Thomas Gold, Professor of astrophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Dr. H.G. Goodell, Professor, University of Virginia, Charlottesville James D. Goodridge, climatologist, formerly with California Dept. of Water Resources. Dr. Adrian Gordon, meteorologist, University of South Australia. Prof. Dr. Eckhard Grimmel, Professor, University Hamburg, Germany. Dr. Nathaniel B. Guttman, Research Physical Scientist, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina; former Professor of atmospheric sciences/climatology; former Chairman, AMS Committee on Applied Climatology. Dr. Paul Handler, Professor of chemistry, University of Illinois. Dr. Vern Harnapp, Professor, University of Akron, Ohio Dr. Howard C. Hayden, Professor of physics, University of Connecticut Dr. Michael J. Higatsberger, Professor and former Director, Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Vienna, Austria; former Director, Seibersdorf Research Center of the Austrian Atomic Energy Agency; former President, Austrian Physical Society. Dr. Austin W. Hogan, meteorologist, co-editor of the journal Atmospheric Research. Dr. William Hubbard, Professor, University of Arizona, Dept. of Planetary Sciences; elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. Dr. Heinz Hug, lecturer, Wiesbaden, Germany Dr. Zbigniew Jaworski, University of Warsaw, Poland Dr. Kelvin Kemm, nuclear physicist, Director, Technology Strategy Consultants, Pretoria, South Africa; columnist, Engineering News; author, Techtrack: A Winding Path of South African Development. Dr. Robert L. Kovach, Professor of geophysics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California Dr. David R. Legates, Professor of meteorology, University of Oklahoma Dr. Heinz H. Lettau, geophysicist, Increase A. Lapham Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin Dr. Henry R. Linden, Max McGraw Professor of Energy and Power Engineering and Management, Director, Energy and Power Center, Illinois Institute of Technology; elected Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; former member, Energy Engineering Board of the National Research Council; member, Green Technology Committee, National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Richard S. Lindzen, Sloane Professor of Meteorology, Center for Meteorology and Physical Meteorology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. J. P. Lodge, atmospheric chemist, Boulder, Colorado Dr. Anthony R. Lupo, atmospheric scientist, Professor, University of Missouri at Columbia, reviewer/contributing author, IPCC. Dr. George E. McVehil, meteorologist, Englewood, Colorado Dr. Helmut Metzner, Professor, Tubingen, Germany Dr. Patrick J. Michaels, Professor and Director of the State Office of Climatology, University of Virginia; more than 50 research articles published in scientific journals; past President, American Association of State Climatologists; author, Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992); reviewer/contributing author, IPCC. Sir William Mitchell, physicist, University of Oxford, U.K. Dr. Asmunn Moene, former chief of Meteorology, Oslo, Norway. Laim Nagle, energy/engineering specialist, Cornfield University, UK Robert A. Neff, former U.S. Air Force meteorologist: member, AMS, AAAS. Dr. William A. Nierenberg, Director Emeritus, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California; Professor Emeritus of oceanography, University of California at San Diego; former member, Council of the U.S. National Academy of Science; former Chairman, National Research Council's Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee; former member, U.S. EPA Global Climate Change Committee; former Assistant Secretary General of NATO for scientific affairs; former Chairman, National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmospheres. Dr. William Porch, atmospheric physicist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. Dr. Harry Priem, Professor of geology, University of Utrecht Dr. William E. Reifsnyder, Professor Emeritus of biometeorology, Yale University; elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; former Chairman, National Academy of Science/National Research Council Committee on Climatology; AMS Award for Outstanding Achievement in Biometeorology. Dr. Alexander Robertson, meteorologist, Adjunct Professor, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada; author of more than 200 scientific and technical publications in biometeorology and climatology, forestry, forest ecology, urban environmental forestry, and engineering technology. Dr. Thomas Schmidlin, CCM, Professor of meteorology/climatology, Kent State University, Ohio; editor, Ohio Journal of Science, elected Fellow, Ohio Academy of Science; member, AMS. Dr. Frederick Seitz, physicist, former President, Rockefeller University, former President, U.S. National Academy of Sciences; former member, President's Science Advisory Committee; recipient, U.S. National Medal of Science. Dr. Gary D. Sharp, Executive Director, Center for Climate/Ocean Resources Study and the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Integrated Ocean Sciences; contributed to the initial development of the Climate Change Program of the National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration; investigated climate-related resource variabilities, sustainable development, and basic environmental climatology for the UN, World Bank, and USAID. Dr. S. Fred Singer, atmospheric physicist; President, The Science & Environmental Policy Project; former Director, U.S. Weather Satellite Service; Professor Emeritus of environmental science, University of Virginia; former Chairman, federal panel investigating effects of the SST on stratospheric ozone; author or editor of 16 books, including Global Climate Change (1989) and Hot Talk, Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate (1997). Dr. A. F. Smith, chemical engineer (ret.), Jacksonville, Florida Dr. Fred J. Starheim, Professor, Kent State University Dr. Chauncey Starr, President Emeritus, Electric Power Research Institute, winner 1992 National Medal of Engineering Dr. Robert E. Stevenson, Secretary General Emeritus, International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans, and a leading world authority on space oceanography; more than 100 research articles published in scientific journals; author of seven books; advisor to NASA, NATO, U.S. National Academy of Science, and the European Geophysical Society. Dr. George Stroke, Professor, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Munich, Germany Dr. Heinz Sundermann, University of Vienna, Austria Dr. George H. Sutton, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii Dr. Arlen Super, meteorologist, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lakewood, Colorado Dr. Vladimir Svidersky, Professor, Sechenoc Institute, Moscow, Russia Dr. M. Talwani, geophysicist, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Dr. W. F. Tanner, Professor, Florida State University Peter Arnold Toynbee, chemical engineer, F. Institute of Energy, London, England. Dr. Christiaan Van Sumere, Professor, University of Gent, Belgium Dr. Robin Vaugh, physicist, University of Dundee, UK Dr. Robert C. Wentworth, geophysicist, Oakland, California, formerly with Lochheed Reseach Laboratory. Dr. Robert C. Whitten, physicist, formerly with NASA. Dr. Klaus Wyrtki, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii Sea Level Center TELEVISION NEWS METEOROLOGISTS (affiliation for identification purposes only) Elliot Abrams, meteorologist, Senior Vice President, Accuweather, Inc. Richard Apuzzo, meteorologist, WXIX-TV (FOX), Cincinnati, Ohio; member, AMS, NWA, SKYWARN; recipient of "Best Weathercast" awards from Associated Press and United Press International. Andre Bernier, meteorologist, WJW-TV (FOX), Cleveland, Ohio Sallie Bernier, meteorologist, WJW-TV (FOX), Cleveland, Ohio Bob Breck, meteorologist, WVUE-TV (ABC), New Orleans, Louisiana Matthew Bye, meteorologist, KPIX-TV (CBS) San Francisco, California A.J. Colby, meteorologist, WICU-TV (NBC), Erie, Pennsylvania Dr. Neil L. Frank, meteorologist, HOU-TV (CBS), Houston, Texas, former Director, National Hurricane Center. Dick Gance, meteorologist, Weather Forecasting, Inc., Concord, Ohio Dick Goddard, meteorologist, WJW-TV (FOX), Cleveland, Ohio Shane Hollett, meteorologist, WJW-TV (FOX), Cleveland, Ohio Mark Johnson, meteorologist, WEWS-TV (ABC), Cleveland, Ohio Roy Leep, meteorologist, WTVT-TV (CBS), recently retired; Director, Gillette Weather Data Services, Tampa, Florida; elected Fellow, American Meteorological Society; former member, AMS Executive Council; among the group of TV meteorologists invited to the White House for a briefing on global warming. Mark Koontz, meteorologist, WJW-TV (FOX), Cleveland, Ohio Jon Loufman, meteorologist, WKYC-TV (NBC), Cleveland, Ohio Dan Maly, meteorologist, WOIO-TV (FOX), Cleveland, Ohio Ryan McPike, atmospheric scientist, WICU-TV (NBC), Erie, Pennsylvania James T. Moore, meteorologist, KSWO-TV (ABC) Lawton, Oklahoma Scott R. Sabol, meteorologist, WBOY-TV (NBC), Clarksburg, West Virginia Dr. Joseph Sobel, meteorologist, Pennsylvania Public Television Network; Senior Vice President, Accu-Weather, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania; co-author, Changing Weather: Facts and Fallacies About Climate Change and Weather Extremes. Brad Sussman, meteorologist, WEWS-TV (ABC), Cleveland, Ohio, AMS, NWA, Broadcast Seal Committee Chair NWA. Brian Sussman, meteorologist, KPIX-TV (CBS) San Francisco, California; member, American Meteorological Society (served on AMS Education Committee), 12-time recipient of the "Best Weathercast" award from the Radio and Television News Directors Association and Associated Press. Anthony Watts, meteorologist, KHSL-TV (CBS), Chico, California Don Webster, meteorologist, WEWS-TV 9 (ABC), Cleveland, Ohio Brian Westfall, meteorologist, Weather Forecasting, Inc., Akron, Ohio http://www.sepp.org/LDsigs.html

Institute director potential envoy Posted on - 21/10/01 23:53 By ArmenianDaily.com http://www.armenianforums.com/site/files/edward_djerijian2.jpg Houston, (October 20, 2001) Exhausted by the growing media attention he has been receiving lately, Edward Djerejian begins an interview about his life by easing into his chair and saying, "I'm tired of talking about my life." A former U.S. ambassador to Syria and Israel and the founding director of the Baker Institute for Public Policy at Rice University, Djerejian has been besieged with requests to explain where the world may be headed in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. But Djerejian (pronounced jer-RE-jian) is not simply a sideline pundit. While serving in the administration of former President Bush, Djerejian became a close associate of Bush, Colin Powell and James Baker by helping negotiate an end to the U.S. hostage crisis in Lebanon, bringing Syria on board the Operation Desert Storm coalition and hammering out a framework for Mideast peace. His friendship with Baker was a major reason Djerejian was offered the job of heading the institute named after the former secretary of state. Even though Djerejian has been in Houston for seven years, he continues to advise Powell, who is now the secretary of state, and President Bush, who considers him an evenhanded and effective diplomat. There is widespread speculation that Djerejian might be tapped for a Middle East envoy position that Bush is considering creating to try to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. Not bad for the son of working-class Christian Armenian immigrants who came to America in the 1920s to flee religious persecution from Muslim Turks. "My parents never thought their son would become a diplomat representing the U.S. overseas," said Djerejian, 62. He said he was grateful that his parents were able to witness some of his accomplishments before they died. Djerejian cordially answered most media questions posed to him about the Middle East, but he has steadfastly refused to discuss the possibility of being named to the envoy position since rumors surfaced in April after he met with Powell in Washington. He agreed to an interview with the Chronicle on the condition that the issue not be brought up. Some say Djerejian's ability to keep things close to the vest is one of the main reasons why he has become one of the country's leading diplomats. "He won't stab you in the back. That's a rare talent in Washington," said Edward Walker, former assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs and former ambassador to Egypt, Israel and the United Arab Emirates. Walker, director of the Middle East Institute in Washington, worked under Djerejian in Washington. "He helps you understand some of the difficulties involved in decision-making in the highest levels of government. Because of that, he got a lot more cooperation out of people. I don't think anybody ever burned him." Djerejian quipped that he picked up some of his diplomatic skills in the tough ethnic neighborhoods of Queens, where he was born and grew up. "My family was of modest means," he said. "We lived in a tenement building. It was a very rough neighborhood with gangs. I've often said I learned more on the streets in New York about diplomacy than in the Foreign Service." Djerejian said he temporarily joined an Armenian gang as a teen-ager "because the consequences of saying no were rather grave -- let's leave it at that." But his parents quickly set him on the right track. "Once my parents found out, I was either going to be killed by them or by the gang," he said, jokingly. "So I decided to pursue my studies more seriously." Trim, fit and well-groomed, Djerejian projects strength and seriousness. But what also comes through is the calmness, charisma and intelligence that has enabled him to mingle in the ranks of world leaders and head a major think tank. Djerejian is fluent in five languages: English, Armenian, Arabic, French and Russian. He said his interest in languages and foreign affairs was spurred from growing up in a bilingual household in a family where both parents came to America to flee political persecution. He graduated from Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service in 1960, and spent the next two years as an Army intelligence officer in Korea to fulfill his ROTC requirement. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1962, developing an interest in Middle East affairs because he sensed "it was the future tense in terms of diplomacy," he said. In 1966, he went to Beirut, Lebanon, to study Arabic and work in the U.S. Embassy. Three years later, he was assigned to the consulate general's office in Casablanca, Morocco. "The most important thing I did in Morocco was meet my wife," he said. He said his wife, Francoise, "has been like a second envoy to all the countries I've been in" because of their shared interest in languages and foreign affairs. She speaks six languages fluently. The have two adult children. In the 1970s, he worked in Washington, D.C., served as consul general in Bordeaux, France, and attended an Army language school with his wife to study Russian. In 1979, he was assigned to head the political section at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. He said it was "a very exciting, challenging and difficult time" because the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 and because he was deeply involved in helping manage the Iranian hostage crisis. In 1981, he was named deputy chief of the U.S. Embassy in Amman, Jordan, where he said he developed "a very good working relationship with King Hussein." Seen as a rising star, Djerejian was tapped in 1985 as a deputy spokesman for the State Department, an unusual jump for a Foreign Service officer. A year later, he was named deputy assistant secretary of Near Eastern and South Asian affairs. In 1988, then-President Reagan appointed him as ambassador to Syria, where he stayed until 1991. "It was my most challenging post ever," Djerejian said. At that post, Djerejian helped negotiate the end of the civil war in Lebanon, the release of American hostages in Lebanon, freedom of travel for Syrian Jews, enlisting Syria in the Desert Storm coalition and drafting the Madrid Peace Conference resolution in 1991, considered the framework for Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. In 1991, Bush appointed him assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs. And in 1993, then-President Clinton named him ambassador to Israel. He left Israel after nine months to start the Baker Institute. "My wife and I felt we made our contribution and perhaps it was time to try something new," said Djerejian, who often uses the pronoun "we" in discussing his major decisions. "I found out whatever negotiation skills I developed in the Foreign Service, especially in Arab and Israel relations, could apply to academics." He said the long list of accomplishments at the Baker Institute includes a conflict-resolution program focusing on the Middle East, Western Sahara and Nagorno Karabach (Armenian-Azerbaijani dispute); an Americas Project, bringing together Latin American leaders with the Organization of American States and the Greater Houston Partnership; an energy studies program; and the Texas Institute for Society and Health, which explores public health policy issues. Many world leaders have stopped at the Baker Institute. "It's become a first-class public policy institution with national and international outreach," he said. But some observers believe Djerejian came to Houston because he was frustrated at being forced to play a lesser role in Middle East affairs. In 1993, Clinton named Dennis Ross as a Middle East coordinator focusing full time on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This effectively took the "crown jewel" of Middle East diplomacy out of the bureau headed by Djerejian, said a well-connected Israeli journalist who did not wish to be named. The observer said many people feel Djerejian was given the Israeli ambassadorship as a consolation prize, but he may have already made up his mind to come to Houston. Djerejian dismissed the theories as Washington gossip. Some observers, including Laurence Kaplan of the New Republic and Commentary magazines, claimed that Djerejian was poorly received in Israel because of his pro-Arab leanings. The Israeli journalist disagreed, saying Djerejian was a "congenial fellow" who did not engender animosity. Daniel Pipes, director of the staunchly pro-Israel Middle East Forum in Philadelphia, said the prospect of Djerejian, or anyone else, being named Middle East envoy would be detrimental to Israel. "The Clinton approach was talk, talk, talk," Pipes said. "Bush's approach was, `That didn't work, let's not push that any more.' In the last few weeks, he is seeming to be returning to the Clinton approach." After taking office in January, Bush initially pursued a more hands-off approach in the Middle East conflict than Clinton. In March, Bush said he would "not try to force peace," explaining the Israelis and Palestinians should be allowed to work out their differences on their own timetables. But by April, diplomatic sources in the United States and Israel said Bush was considering creating an envoy position, with Djerejian being the top candidate. Recently, the desire to build Muslim support of U.S. attacks against the Taliban government in Afghanistan -- as well as leaked reports that Bush will soon unveil plans for a Palestinian state -- have fueled speculation that the president will create the position. Some pro-Israel observers feel such a move may be a sign that Bush is wavering in his support of Israel's right to defend itself and in his demand that Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat curb attacks against Israelis before peace can be negotiated. Djerejian, like Powell and Baker, believes negotiations must be restarted quickly to address Israel's security concerns and Palestinian demands for a country. In July's Baker Institute Report, Djerejian wrote, "It is clear at the time of this writing that the immediate task of the Arabs, the Israelis, and the international community on the Israeli-Palestinian front is to reopen the channels for dialogue. ... " Last week, New York Times columnist William Safire wrote, "What, if any, is the role of James Baker, Brent Scowcroft and Edward Djerejian in trying to persuade Bush to appease `the Arab street' by pressuring Israel to give up its own war on terrorism?" But Djerejian, known as an "Arabist" in foreign affairs circles because he served primarily in Arab countries, rejected the notion that he would be unfair to Israel. "When you assume a position of responsibility, especially when you're involved in sensitive issues, you're always going to be characterized by various groups with certain points of view," he said. "All I can say is, I was the first American ambassador to go from Syria to Israel, and by so doing, we helped break the perception that if you're an Arabist you're pro-Arab, and you if serve in Israel you're pro-Israel. "The first country we serve is neither an Arab country nor Israel, but the United States." --- by Ron Nissimov Source: Houston Chronicle

Thoth, My point is not that there should not be Environmental Groups, and they should not exert pressure on the Governments and Industries. My point is that the sight of the common sense, the sound science, the honest representation of the issue, the integrity of the process should not be lost. Additionally, I despise the introduction of ideological/political lines in an issue, which is supposed to be environmental and economical by its character. I also despise the attitudes of those who would never spend minimal time or effort to get acquainted with the real issues, and would pound ideologically charged and venomous declarations, which frequently would be on the verge of absurdity (much like the Kyoto Protocol). As far as your remark about Dragon is concerned, I have to confess that it is quite refreshing to see you criticize a “mortal member,” rather than a “divine moderator.” What a change of heart… P.S. I look forward to your comments, and I hope your health problems would disappear in the nearest future.

Here is another alternative site with some information that may not be found on the pages of LA or NY Times or may not be allowed to broadcast on CNBC, CNN, BBC, MSNBC or ABC: http://www.heartland.org/studies/ieguide.htm#what

VIKTOR AMBARTZUMIAN 1908 - 1996 The Armenian Astrophysicist Viktor Ambartzumian died the 12 August 1996, some weeks before the beginning of this Course, at the age of 88. He was born in Armenia the 18 september 1908. Viktor Ambartzumian was a pioneering of the Stellar Theoretical Astrophysics, working on the theory of Stellar Evolution and Interestellar Media. He also pioneered research in Relativistic Astrophysics, namely on superdense stellar configurations. He was the founder (in 1946) and the Director of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, at the north of Erevan, Armenia. He was the President (from 1946 to 1993) of the Armenian Academy of Sciences. He was the creator and Chief Editor of the Journal "Astrofizika". Viktor Ambartzumian was a great and close friend of Daniel Chalonge. Daniel Chalonge visited on several occasions his armenian astrophysicist friends, and particularly Viktor Ambartzumian, and hosted several times Ambartzumian in Paris. The pictures and documents reproduced in the Erice Chalonge Museum show Daniel Chalonge and Viktor Ambartzumian, and their families, together in differents occasions: At Byurakan in 1946 for the inauguration of the Observatory. In Paris, at the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris for the Colloquia organized by Daniel Chalonge, in particular the Colloquium in June 1953 on "Fundamental Problems of Stellar Classification". In Byurakan again, in 1971, at Ambartzumian's Home. Ambartzumian and Chalonge families were also closely linked by a deep friendship. I met personnally Viktor Ambartzumian and his wife, in Buenos Aires, in 1974, when I was young student and he came to I.A.F.E and the University of Buenos Aires (Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Fisica) to deliver a special course on Stellar Evolution. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N. Sánchez Director of the Course http://wwwusr.obspm.fr/admin/seminaire/cha...onge/dedic.html

Just came across the following material: ARMENIA'S POWER-CABLE NETWORK IN CRITICAL STATE YEREVAN, July 5. The electric-cable network is worn-out in Armenia, and its technical caracteristics do not meet the modern standarts, which results in a sharp increase in the energy losses and higher probability of accidents. The problem of reducing the energy losses was raised at the enlarged meeting of the Presidium of the Armenian National Academy of Science (ANAS). The meeting was attended by specialists from other departments concerned. The meeting participants presented the calculation of the losses, which confirms the necessity for laying new the polyethylene-insulated cables. ANAS President, Chairman of the ANAS Energy Council Fadey Sargssian drew the meeting participants' attention to the more frequent accidents. According to him, a moment will come when accidents will occur one after another. Specialists advanced a number of proposals for the organization of production of polyethylene-insulated cables in Armenia. The arguments in favor of such production are as follows: such cables are in demand on the international market; the copper which is exported from Armenia as row material will be worked on the spot. Assuming as a basis the presented calculations, the meeting participants decided to submit the aforementioned proposals to the government, after thoroughly discussing them. http://www.sci.am/news/eng/2001/Ee050752.html

http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMeda...mian/index.html

Yes... Unfortunately, this way, step-by-step they may surrender the Armenian Sovereignty back to Russia - and all this for the sake of questionable ideological/political gains. Just think of it - surrendering the power network for the sake of having a debt of $75 mil forgiven. What a perspective...

Yeah. Keep comforting yourself.

Exactly. According to the Christian doctrine, you receive the gift of Eternal Life not by righteousness but by the Grace of God. About Hindus… Would you consider being reincarnated as a dog or cobra as life for a former human?

And what do you know about Armenia and Armenians? Things that you can see from the prism of your national traitor grandfather or his pony-tail grandson?

You will not get any serious reply from me so long as you are "khodja," and so long as you (disgustingly so) remain liability for the Armenian self-consciousness. [ October 20, 2001: Message edited by: MJ ]

A Diminished Kyoto Protocol by M. Mihkel Mathiesen Brief Bio Dr. Mathiesen is an independent scientist and writer. His advanced degrees were obtained from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, including a Masters degree in Metallurgy in 1974 and a Doctorate in 1997 following studies at Kawasaki Steel in Chiba, Japan. Upon concluding his academic training, Dr. Mathiesen served as Science Attaché for the Swedish Embassy in Washington during the Carter administration. Thereafter, he became involved in the development of various energy and environmental technologies in Sweden, Japan, Singapore, Canada and the United States. Dr. Mathiesen is the author of the best-selling book "Warming in a Politically Correct Climate," which was published in December 2000 by Writers Club Press (ISBN 0-595-14066-1). The Kyoto Protocol came close to unraveling completely in Bonn before the environmental ministers of Japan, Australia, Russia and Canada won substantial concessions eliminating two-thirds of the pledged reductions in energy use. The treaty survived in what is not so much a political victory as a last minute avoidance of complete failure. The CO2 emissions reduction to 5.2% below 1990 levels specified in the accord reached in Kyoto in 1997 was reduced to 1.8% in what amounted to an effort to salvage a climate pact – any climate pact – rather than a commitment to reduce emissions. Member states of the European Union, which desperately fought for the survival of the treaty and put enormous pressure on Japan to ratify the agreement, celebrated a hollow victory with much congratulating of each other, punctuated by snide remarks directed at the United States and the Bush administration. President Bush rejected the Kyoto Protocol in March as being ‘fatally flawed’ and may take credit – or assume responsibility – for the dramatically softened new agreement. At home he is now roundly criticized for isolating the United States from world affairs and diminishing the country’s role in the global arena. The dominating media appeared confused and embarrassed at first, as if the Administration had shown an appalling lack of tact in not joining the rest of the world in its environmental advocacy-induced concern for the future. For a fleeting moment when the treaty seemed doomed, MIT’s Richard Lindzen, who advised the President on the poor science behind the climate movement, was a budding hero. He quickly disappeared from view, however, when the diminished treaty was salvaged and the media promptly forgot the relevance of what he had advised the President to do. Ratification became an issue of righteousness, brilliantly illustrating the removal of the issue from the realm of science, where it belongs, to that of advocacy, where it does not belong. Mixing politics and science to the point where neither makes sense forced the combatants on the side of ratification to resort to faith; and this faith was, and remains, vehemently defended, as is the case with anything that is not objectively understood. The climate treaty began to fail for two obvious reasons: the reality of the immense expense of the effort was finally recognized, and recent scientific findings had shown the rationale of the treaty to have no basis in fact. It was embarrassingly obvious from the moment the Kyoto Protocol was hammered out, for example, that a reduction in the CO2 emissions of Western Europe, North America and Japan by about 1 billion tons annually by the year 2012 would have no beneficial effect on anything if the rest of the world, with the exception of Russia, were to continue adding some 8 billion tons of emissions to the air each year. Worse yet, no proof, not even the slightest shred of evidence, supports the plausible-sounding notion that the warming since 1860 actually is a man-made phenomenon. Since news media by and large lack scientific expertise and, for reasons known only to those involved, always choose to side with environmentalists, the public has had no option but to believe what they are told. The sole ‘proof’ of man-made global warming, for example, is its prediction by the IPCC’s General Circulation Models, which by virtue of their design predict catastrophic future warming unless something far more drastic than the Kyoto Protocol is adopted. By definition, however, these models constitute nothing but the opinions of those who design and run them. The IPCC claims that the models are ‘matched’ to temperature variations over the past 140 years. Be that as it may, the same models cannot be ‘matched’ to climate changes in the more distant past, indicating a serious flaw, that being that whatever caused warming trends in the past is not accounted for in the IPCC models of today. And if the same factors are at work now, the IPCC computers will be blissfully unaware of what these factors portend. At the other end of the spectrum, the models are ‘matched’ to opinions about the effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, something which did not exist in the past. When all else fails, greenhouse warming proponents resort to referring to an ‘overwhelming majority of scientists’ who believe in man-made warming, forgetting that attempts at majority rule in science amount to nothing but meaningless oratory and that only verifiable facts count. Sadly, a fair number of scientists do adhere to the man-made global warming belief since it has acquired politically correct status. Adherence often enhances careers in academia and is recommended when applying for research grants. Critics, astoundingly, are systematically marginalized. In contrast to this sad state of affairs in what we could call the field of political climatology, it is refreshing to study the facts of the matter, most of which have come to light in the last few years, long after the political arm of science had decided that further facts might only confuse the issue. We now know, for example, that 71% of the warming from 1880 to 1993 was caused by fluctuations in solar irradiance. In fact, every temperature maximum and minimum over this period coincides with corresponding peaks and valleys in solar activity. Despite the factual evidence of the sun’s dominating role, greenhouse followers hold the rapid accumulation of atmospheric CO2 since 1940 to be the cause of global warming. However, most of the past century’s increase in temperature was completed in the period before 1940, when CO2 emissions were much less substantial. Adding insult to injury, the rapidly accelerating CO2 emissions after World War II coincided with a 30-year-long cooling period, prompting environmentalists of three decades ago to warn of a coming ice age! The absurdity of the events in Bonn is further underlined by the fact that the opinions expressed by the models indicate an emissions reduction of 60 to 80% is required to avoid disaster; yet we see the United Nations and the EU rejoicing at a mere 1.8% cut for the world’s industrialized nations – except the United States – while the rest of the world carries on expanding emissions. If emission limitations truly were crucially needed and the champions of Kyoto really believed in their cause, the agreement in Bonn would be described as an utter calamity. It is instead called a victory, indicating that bureaucratic prestige and jobs at the public’s expense have been saved, not to mention the credibility of involved advocacy groups. There is no doubt the original Kyoto Protocol was flawed, as adherence to the treaty simply could not have made the slightest difference to global climate, even if the current warming were of anthropogenic origin. The present modified treaty thus represents a symbolic agreement to do something, while it is tacitly understood that what is actually done will be next to nothing. Existing evidence of the perfectly natural cause of the past-century warming renders the modified climate treaty fatally flawed, as U.S. President Bush rightly noted. By not yielding to pressure but staying on a less-than-popular course of principle, the Administration arguably showed the courage of conviction rather than the insensitivity and lack of tact reputed to it. Other nations partly followed, to avoid economic losses of significant proportion in return for little or no benefits other than those of a purely political nature. Consequently, the original intentions of the Protocol are now seriously compromised, which should be excellent news for the economies of the nations of both the developed and developing world. Clearly, there are no benefits in avoiding risks that do not exist. http://www.co2science.org/forum/2001/v4n32f1.htm

LONG HOT YEAR Latest Science Debunks Global Warming Hysteria by Patrick J. Michaels Executive Summary The national media have given tremendous play to the claims of Vice President Al Gore, some federal scientists, and environmental activists that the unseasonably warm tem-peratures of this past summer were proof positive of the arrival of dramatic and devastating global warming. In fact, the record temperatures were largely the result of a strong El Niño superimposed on a decade in which tempera-tures continue to reflect a warming that largely took place in the first half of this century. Observed global warming remains far below the amount predicted by computer models that served as the basis for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Whatever record is used, the largest portion of the warming of the second half of this century has mainly been confined to winter in the very coldest continental air masses of Siberia and northwestern North America, as predicted by basic greenhouse effect physics. The unpredictability of seasonal and annual temperatures has declined significantly. There has been no change in precipitation variability. In the United States, drought has decreased while flooding has not increased. Moreover, carbon dioxide is increasing in the atmos-phere at a rate below that of most climate-change scenarios because it is being increasingly captured by growing vegeta-tion. The second most important human greenhouse enhancer-- methane--is not likely to increase appreciably in the next 100 years. And perhaps most important, the direct warming effect of carbon dioxide was overestimated. Even global warming alarmists in the scientific establishment now say that the Kyoto Protocol will have no discernible impact on global climate. ____________________________________________________________ Patrick J. Michaels, a professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia, is a senior fellow in environ-mental studies at the Cato Institute. Introduction Nearly 10 years ago I first testified on climate change before the U.S. House of Representatives. At that time I argued that forecasts of dramatic and disastrous global warming were likely to be in error because of the very modest climate changes that had been observed to date. Further, it would eventually be recognized that the more moderate climate change would occur overwhelmingly in the winter and at night, rather than in summer, and that it could be benign or even beneficial. I testified that the likely warming, based on the observed data, would be between 1.0 and 1.5 degree Celsius (1.8–2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) as a result of doubling the natural carbon dioxide greenhouse effect. 1 The most recent scientific findings published in the refereed literature prove the validity of my testimony of nearly a decade ago. Those studies document the follow-ing: • Observed warming is only a fraction of the amount predicted by the climate models that served as the basis for the Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2 • Observed warming is most pronounced in winter in the very coldest continental air masses of Siberia and northwestern North America. 3 • The variation, or unpredictability, of regional tem-peratures has declined significantly on a global basis while there has been no change in precipitation vari-ability. 4 • Drought in the United States has decreased while flooding has not increased. 5 • Carbon dioxide is increasing in the atmosphere at a rate below that of most UN scenarios, because it is being increasingly captured by growing vegetation. 6 • The second most important human greenhouse enhanc-er-- methane--is not likely to increase appreciably in the next 100 years. 7 • The direct warming effect of carbon dioxide was overestimated. 8 • The Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change will have no discernible impact on Page 2 global climate within any reasonable policy time frame. 9 In toto, those findings lead inescapably to the con-clusion that the magnitude of the threat from global warm-ing is greatly diminished. They should provoke a reexami-nation of the need for the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the subsequent Kyoto Protocol. The rest of the material can be found at http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa329a.pdf

SEPP News Release: TV METEOROLOGISTS PUBLICLY ENDORSE ANTI-CLIMATE TREATY "LEIPZIG DECLARATION" Backlash Results After White House Prods Weathercasters to Promote Fears of Global Warming "Catastrophe" FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The Science & Environmental Policy Project Contact: Candace Crandall Tel: 703-503-5064 crandall@sepp.org FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 11, 1997---The Science & Environmental Policy Project reports a surge in requests for the Leipzig Declaration after television news meteorologists staged a press briefing in Cleveland, Ohio, 10 days ago to publicly add their signatures to the anti-Global Climate Treaty document. In a statement read at the October 30th press briefing, which was broadcast regionally and reported by the Associated Press, the meteorologists said, "we feel the need to bring to the public's attention the full spectrum of data that we work with on a daily, monthly, and yearly basis. Runaway global warming proponents predict cataclysmic consequences as a result of increased CO2. We disagree." [emphasis in original] The Leipzig Declaration grew out of a scientific conference held in Leipzig, Germany, in November 1995, which critically examined the evidence for global warming. Authored by atmospheric physicist S. Fred Singer, president of The Science & Environmental Policy Project, and now being circulated among climate experts, the Leipzig, Declaration has to date been endorsed by 110 climate scientists, including 21 meteorologists from the television news media. It reads, in part: "There does not exist today a general scientific consensus about the importance of greenhouse warming from rising levels of carbon dioxide. In fact, many climate specialists now agree that actual observations from weather satellites show no global warming whatsoever--in direct contradiction to computer model results." It adds, "based on all the evidence available to us, we cannot subscribe to the politically inspired world view that envisages climate catastrophes and calls for hasty actions. For this reason, we consider the drastic emission control policies likely to be endorsed by the Kyoto conference--lacking credible support from the underlying science--to be ill-advised and premature." A group of Ohio TV meteorologists contacted The Science & Environmental Policy Project in early October, shortly after the Administration hosted an invited gathering of 100 television meteorologists at the White House and appealed to them to promote global warming to their broadcast audiences. At that gathering, as reported in the Wall Street Journal on October 2nd, White House global warming "experts" failed to answer the weathercasters' many pressing questions about the scientific evidence. Said Randy Jackson of WFMY-TV in Greensboro, North Carolina, "You hear them say "we think, we're not sure, maybe if..."; those aren't very conclusive terms." Brian Norcross of WFOR-TV in Miami, Florida, said he and some of his colleagues took a rather dim view of the event's political agenda. "The first question we had was, "What are we doing here?" he said. Since the White House had broken ground by presenting its political agenda to the TV meteorologists, and since some weathercasters reported being pressured by their news directors to attend, the Ohio group felt a need to make an overt statement to avoid any public misperceptions about their scientific views. Those signing the Leipzig Declaration on October 30th in Cleveland were: Mark Johnson, WEWS-TV (ABC) Ch. 5, Cleveland, Ohio Jon Loufman, WKYC-TV (NBC) Ch. 3, Cleveland, Ohio Dan Maly, WOIO-TV (Fox) Ch. 19, Cleveland, Ohio Don Webster, WEWS-TV (ABC) Ch. 5, Cleveland, Ohio A.J. Colby, WICU-TV (NBC) Ch. 12, Erie, Pennsylvania Also: Prof. Vern Harnapp of the University of Akron and Prof. Fred Starheim of Kent State University Other TV meteorologists who have signed are: Elliot Abrams, Sr. Vice President, Accu-Weather Inc. Richard Apuzzo, WXIX-TV (Fox) Ch. 19, Terrace, Ohio Andre Bernier, WJW-TV (Fox) Ch. 8, Cleveland, Ohio Sally Bernier, WJW-TV (Fox) Ch. 8, Cleveland, Ohio Bob Breck, WVUE-TV (ABC) Ch. 8, New Orleans, Louisiana Neil Frank, Ph.D., KHOU-TV (CBS) Ch. 11, Houston, Texas, former director, National Hurricane Center, Miami Dick Gantz, Weather Forecasting Inc. Dick Goddard, WJW-TV (Fox) Ch. 8, Cleveland, Ohio Shane Hollett, WJW-TV (Fox) Ch. 8, Cleveland, Ohio Mark Koontz, WJW-TV (Fox), Ch. 8, Cleveland, Ohio Roy Leep, WTVT-TV (CBS) Ch. 13, Tampa, Florida James T. Moore, KSWO-TV (ABC) Ch. 7, Lawton, Oklahoma Brad Sussman, WEWS-TV (ABC) Ch. 5, Cleveland, Ohio Brian Sussman, KGO-TV (ABC) Ch. 7, San Francisco, California Anthony Watts, HSL-TV (CBS) Ch. 12, Chico, California Brian Westfall, Weather Forecasting Inc. Note: Each person listed represents only him or herself. Affiliations are included for identification purposes only. The Science & Environmental Policy Project, a non-profit education and policy research organization based in Fairfax, Virginia, was founded in 1992 to foster greater reliance on sound science in decisions affecting health and environment. Signed copies of the Leipzig Declaration continue to come in to the Project. For the full text of the Leipzig Declaration, with a complete list of signatories, and the text of the TV meteorologists' press briefing statement, contact Candace Crandall at (703) 503-5064. http://www.sepp.org/pressrel/meteorLD.html http://www.skepticism.net/faq/environment/...ming/index.html

Harvard Physicist Sides With Bush on 'Global Warming' J. Zane Walley Tuesday, July 3, 2001 Sallie Baliunas, Ph.D., senior staff physicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center and contributing editor to the World Climate Report, has praised President Bush for continuing to reject rash measures such as the Kyoto Protocol ostensibly to combat global warming. "The president is absolutely correct in his assessment that what we need to do on the issue of climate change is find answers based on science, rather than to found policy based on untested or failed assumptions," Baliunas stated in a Tech Central Station guest editorial June 11. "That is how – and the only way how - to treat the issue 'seriously.'" She further said, "Proceeding in scientific ignorance, as many in Europe and some environmental organizations demand, to mitigation measures that would force a drastic cutback by advanced nations in their fossil fuel use will harm more than help the environment. "Measures such as those required by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol would cause American economic havoc. As the president correctly noted, the technology is not in place either to cut dramatically or capture CO2 emissions without severely curtailing economic activity. Too, the cuts could reverse a greening effect observed in higher crop yields as a result of higher concentrations of CO2 in the air – which is beneficial to plant growth and human life." In 1991, Discover magazine profiled Baliunas as one of America’s outstanding female scientists. Her acclaimed research includes solar variability and other factors in climate change. Article made possible by the Paragon Foundation. Reprinted with permission. http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2.../2/203349.shtml

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Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ (³ñï³Ï³ñ· ¨ Édz½áñ ¹»ëå³Ýª Ðñ³ãÇÏ êÇÉí³ÝÛ³Ý): ¸Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙÇó Ç í»ñ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ, »ñÏáõ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ëïáñ³·ñí»É »Ý Ùáï ÑÇÝ· ï³ëÝÛ³Ï Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·ñ»ñ áõ å³Ûٳݳ·ñ»ñ, áñáÝù ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »Ý ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý, ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ·Çï³ï»ËÝdzϳÝ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ µÝ³·³í³éÝ»ñáõÙ »ñÏÏáÕ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: 1996Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-15-Á ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ È.ÎáõãÙ³ÛÇ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³ÛóÁ г۳ëï³Ý, áñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ëïáñ³·ñí»É »Ý §ÐÐ ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ÙÇç¨ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ¨ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·ñ»ñ: 1997Ã. àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ëï»ÕÍí»É ¿ ²é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáí ÙÇçϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳï»Õ ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí, áñÇ ³é³çÇÝ ÝÇëïÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÎǨáõÙª 1999Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 20-ÇÝ, ÇëÏ »ñÏñáñ¹Áª ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ, 2001Ã. ÷»ïñí³ñÇ 20-21-Á: 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-23-Á ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÐРݳ˳·³Ñ È. î»ñ-ä»ïñáëÛ³ÝÇ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³ÛóÁ àõÏñ³Çݳ: 1998Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇ 22-25 ºñ¨³Ýáõ٠ϳ۳ó»É ¿ ѳÛ-áõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³çÇÝ µÇ½Ý»ë ýáñáõÙÁ: ²ÛÝ Ù»Í³å»ë ËÃ³Ý»É ¿ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: 1999Ã. ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ ÐРݳ˳·³Ñ è.øáã³ñÛ³ÝÁ Ù³ëݳÏó»É ¿ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÔñÇÙáõ٠ϳ۳ó³Í ´³ÉÃÛ³Ý-ê¨ÍáíÛ³Ý ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ/ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³ÝÁ: 1999Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÐÐ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñ ì. úëϳÝÛ³ÝÇ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³ÛóÁ ÎǨ: 2001Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 1-2-Á ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÐРݳ˳·³Ñ è.øáã³ñÛ³ÝÇ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³ÛóÁ ÎǨ: гÛ-áõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý µ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ íñ³, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ñ³ñÏ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ³Ï³ñ·Ç ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ àõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ý áñáß ½·áõß³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ѳݹ»ë µ»ñáõÙ: ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ ÑÇÙݳËݹñÇÝ, ³å³ ³Ûëï»Õ àõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ý Ñ³Ý¹»ë ¿ ·³ÉÇë ÑÇÙݳËݹñÇ Ë³Õ³Õ, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹Çñù»ñÇó: àõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ý µ³½ÙÇóë, ï³ñµ»ñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÝ»ñáí, ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É ¿ ݳ¨ ïíÛ³É Ñ³Ï³Ù³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³ÝÁ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ, Çñ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ /º²ÐÎ-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý áñáßÙ³Ý ¨ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý áõ ³¹ñµ»ç³Ý³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ/: ²Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáí àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ¹ÇñùáñáßÙ³ÝÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËÙµ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ, å»ïù ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ³ÛÝ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ¹»ñ Ë³Õ³É ìàõàõ²Ø ËÙµ³íáñáõÙáõÙ: ì»ñçÇÝë è³ÏáËáõÙ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýáñ ÷áõÉ: ºí, ÇÝãå»ë ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É ¿ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ü³Ë³·³Ñ È.ÎáõãÙ³Ý ËÙµ³íáñÙ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ùáï ãϳ §áñ¨¿ ϳëϳÍ, áñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³·³Ý ϳåí³Í ¿ ³½³ï ³é¨ïñÇ ·áïáõ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¦: àõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ìàõàõ²Ø-Á ¹ÇïáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõÛóª µ³ó³é»Éáí é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Û¹ ϳéáõÛóáõÙ: гñÏ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ Ù»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ »Õ³Í ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅÇÝ ¨ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ¹ñë¨áñíáÕ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ϳÙùÇÝ: »ñ¨ë ë³ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ ݳ¨ ûµÛ»ÏïÇí ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñáíª ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨ µ»éݳ÷á˳¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ µÝ³·³í³éáõÙ ³éϳ µ³½Ù³µÝáõÛà ËݹÇñÝ»ñáí: ºñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ Çñ³í³å³Ûٳݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ½áñ Ñ»Ýù, áñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ÁÝÓ»éÝáõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ï×³ß Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»Éáõ ¨ Ëáñ³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ܳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ïñíáõÙ »ñÏÏáÕÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ¨ ³ñ¹»Ý ÇëÏ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í »ñÏáõ ÙÇçϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáíÝ»ñÇ ÝÇëï»ñÝ áõ ÙÇ ß³ñù ëïáñ³·ñí³Í ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ ËÃ³Ý ÏѳݹÇë³Ý³Ý »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ÷áË߳ѳí»ï ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: гÛ-áõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ï³Ý ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ËóÝÙ³ÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ Ýå³ëï»É ݳ¨ »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ñ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ë»ñï ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ Ïѳݷ»óÝÇ Ý³¨ ïÝï»ë³í³ñáÕ ëáõµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³ÝÁ: гñÏ ¿ Ýß»É Ý³¨, áñ àõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ý ³ç³Ïó»É ¿ ÐÐ-Ç ºÊ ³Ý¹³Ù³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ, »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇñùáñáßáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý ²äÐ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, ²äÐ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ³½³ï ³é¨ïñÇ ·áïáõ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: вڲêî²ÜÆ Ð²Üð²äºîàôÂÚ²Ü ºì àôÎð²ÆܲÚÆ ØÆæºì êîàð²ðì²Ì ºðÎÎàÔØ ØÆæ²¼²ÚÆÜ ö²êî²ÂÔºðÆ ²èβ ìÆÖ²ÎÆ Ø²êÆÜ 1. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §àôÊêРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 1991-1995ÃÃ. ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý áõ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1990Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 2. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 1992Ã. ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1991Ã. ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇ 6-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 3. Üáï³Ý»ñÇ ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ §ÐÐ ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ÙÇç¨ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳëï³ï»Éáõ Ù³ëÇݦ 1991 Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇ 25-ÇÝ: 4. ²ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ §ÐÐ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1992 Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 20-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 5. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Ýó³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù å³Ûù³ñáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1992Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 22-ÇÝ: 6. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 1993Ã. ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1992Ã. ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇ 6-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 7. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ áã ³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1993Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 23-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 8. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý µ³ÝÏÇ ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏÇ ÙÇç¨ 1993Ã. ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1993Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 24-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 9. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 1992Ã. å³ñïù³ÛÇÝ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·Ç ¨ ųÙÏ»ïÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1993Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 24-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 10. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³éÁÝûñ üǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáõÉïáõñ³ÛÇ, ëåáñïÇ ¨ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ»ñáí ¨ ëåáñïÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáõÉïáõñ³ÛÇ ¨ ëåáñïÇ µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1993Ã. ÑáõÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 26-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 11. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 1994Ã. ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1993Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»¨ñÇ 23-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 12. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý µ³ÝÏÇ ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏÇ ÙÇç¨ 1994Ã. ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1994Ã. ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇ 24-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 13. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ³½³ï ³é¨ïñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1994Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 7-ÇÝ í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 16.01.96Ã. 14. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÛÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 1995Ã. ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1994Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 7-ÇÝ, áñÍáõÙ ¿ ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 15. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÛÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ëñ³ËáõëÙ³Ý ¨ ÷á˳¹³ñÓ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1994Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 7-ÇÝ, í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 16.01.96Ã. 16. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÷áËû·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1994 Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 7-ÇÝ: ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 29.09.95Ã. 17. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ »ñ³·áõÛÝ ÊáñÑñ¹Ç ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ »ñ³·áõÛÝ ÊáñÑñ¹Ç ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1995Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 17-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 18.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1995 Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇ 17-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 19. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Çñ»Ýó å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ³ß˳ïáÕ ÐÐ ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1995 Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇ 17-ÇÝ: ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ 4.03.97Ã. ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: 20. Ïðîòîêîë î ïîðÿäêå âûâåðêè è óðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ çàäîëæåííîñòè, îáðàçîâàâøåìñÿ íà êîððåñïîíäåíòñêîì ñ÷åòó Íàöèîíàëüíîãî Áàíêà Óêðàèíû â Öåíòðàëüíîì Áàíêå Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ. Ïîäïèñàí 17 èþíÿ 1995ã. 21. Ðáõß³·Çñ §ºñ¨³Ý ¨ ÎǨ ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1995Ã. ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇ 14-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 22. ä³Ûٳݳ·Çñ §ºñ¨³Ý ¨ ú¹»ë³ ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ »Õµ³Ûñ³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1995Ã. ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇ 25-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 23. ä³Ûٳݳ·Çñ §Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ÙÇç¨ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ, ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 23.10.96Ã. 23a. ²ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ §Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ÙÇç¨ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ í³í»ñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 29-ÇÝ: 24. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ-³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ áÉáñïáõÙ 1996-1998 Ã.Ã. ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 25. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¨ ·Çï³Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ï³¹ñ»ñÇ ³ï»ëï³íáñÙ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏó»Éáõ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ, ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 05.08.96Ã. 26. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ·áõÛùÇ ÏñÏݳÏÇ Ñ³ñÏáõÙÁ µ³ó³é»Éáõ ¨ ѳñÏáõÙÇó Ëáõë³÷»ÉÁ ϳÝË»Éáõ í»ñ³µ»ñ۳ɦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ, í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 08.10.96Ã. 27. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ, í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 05.08.96Ã. 28. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ëï³Ý¹³ñï³óÙ³Ý, ã³÷³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ë»ñïÇýÇϳóÙ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ, í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 05.08.96Ã. 29. ²ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ §ÐÐ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ËáñÑñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1996 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 14-ÇÝ: àõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý å³ÑÇó: 30. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³éÁÝûñ ³ñËÇí³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇ í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³µÇÝ»ïÇ ³éÁÝûñ ·É˳íáñ ³ñËÇí³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇ µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ: í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ í³ñã³å»ïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 12.01.98Ã. 31. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ³íïáïñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ: í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 20.0198Ã. 32. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍ»ñáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏó»Éáõ ¨ ÷á˳¹³ñÓ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ: í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРݳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó18.02.99Ã. 33. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ (³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ) ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³ñÏ»ñÇ ·³ÝÓÙ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРܳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 18.02.99Ã. 34. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ïááå»ñ³ódzÛÇ Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ, ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 15.09.98Ã. 35. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ·Çï³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ, ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРݳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 20.0198Ã. 36. ÐРݳ˳·³ÑÇ ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ Ñéã³Ï³·Çñ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ: 37. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñáí ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 22-ÇÝ, 38. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáÕÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³éáÕç³µ³Ý³-Ïáõñáñï³ÛÇÝ µáõÅÙ³Ý ³ëå³ñ»½áõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 22.07.1997Ã. ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ í³ñã³å»ïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 17.06.98Ã. 39.Ðáõß³·Çñ §ºñ¨³Ý ¨ ÎǨ ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1997Ã.ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇ 14-ÇÝ 40.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ ³é¨ïñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇ ¨ ³é¨ïñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐÐ í³ñã³å»ïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 08.03.2000Ã.: 41.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ØÇçáõϳÛÇÝ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõÙ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 20 ÑáõÉÇëÇ 1999Ã. ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ 08.03.2000Ã. ÐÐ í³ñã³å»ïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: 42.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ü³Ë³ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ Î³µÇÝ»ïÇ ÙÇç¨ Ï³é³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ϳåÇ µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 5 ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 1999Ã. ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 12.05.2000Ã. 43.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ï³µÇÝ»ïÇ ÙÇç¨ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 07.12.1999Ã. ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ 11.10.2000Ã. ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: 44.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³µÇÝ»ïÇ ÙÇç¨ ¹»Õ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃ-Û³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 23 ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇ 1999Ã. 02.06.2000Ã.í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРݳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: 45.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³µÇÝ»ïÇ ÙÇç¨ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 24 ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇ 1999Ã. 19.06.2000Ã. í³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ ÐРݳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: 46.гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ÐÐ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñ-ó»ñÇ ¨ ëåáñïÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ¨ ³ñí»ëïÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: êïáñ³·ñí»É ¿ 1999Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ ì³í»ñ³óí»É ¿ 21.08.2000Ã. ÐÐí³ñã³å»ïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: 47. Ìñ³·Çñ §ÐÐ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ ¨ ëåáñïÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àôÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ¨ ³ñí»ëïÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ 2000-2002ÃÃ. 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Ðáõß³·Çñ §ÐÐ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ ÷áËû·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³µ»ñ»Éáõ ϳñ·Ç Ù³ëÇݦ: 55. ä³Ûٳݳ·Çñ §Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ÙÇç¨ Ñ»ï³·³ å³ïÇÅÁ Ïñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³½³ï³½ñÏÙ³Ý ¹³ï³å³ñïí³Í ³ÝÓ³Ýó ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ: 56. гٳï»Õ Ðéã³Ï³·Çñ §Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ Ü³Ë³·³ÑÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ稦: 57. гٳӳÛݳ·Çñ §ºñ¨³ÝÇ ¨ ÎÇ¨Ç ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ µ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ ²Ü²îàÈÆ Ø²øêÆØÆ ¼ÈºÜÎà àôÎð²ÆܲÚÆ ²ðî²øÆÜ àð̺ðÆ Ü²Ê²ð²ð 1938Ã. ÍÝí»É ¿ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛáõÙ, ÎÇ¨Ç ßñç³ÝÇ êï³íÇßã» ù³Õ³ùáõÙ: 1967Ã.-Çó ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ ¹Çí³Ý³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõÙª 1967-1973ÃÃ. ²Ü-áõÙ, ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝáõÙª Ïóáñ¹, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ »ñÏñáñ¹ ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ: 1973Ã. Ù³ñïÇó ö³ñǽáõÙ ÚàõܺêÎú-Ç ù³ñïáõÕ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÏÇó: 1979Ã. àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ²Ü ÚàõܺêÎú-Ç ·áñÍ»ñáí ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ÅÝÇ ËáñÑñ¹³Ï³Ý: 1983Ã.-1987Ã. ÚàõܺêÎú-áõÙ Ùßï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã: 1987-1990ÃÃ. ÷áËݳ˳ñ³ñ, ³é³çÇÝ ÷áËݳ˳ñ³ñ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ²Ü-áõÙ: 1990Ã. 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Ú³ÏáíɨÁ, áñÁ г۳ëï³Ý ϳï³ñ³Í Çñ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÇó ëï³ó³Í Ù»Í ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ßÝáñѳϳɳ·Çñ ¿ ѳÝÓÝ»É ÑÛáõå³ïáë è. гÏáµÛ³ÝÇÝ: ÀݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ý»ñϳ ¿ÇÝ ê³ÝÏï-ä»ï»ñµáõñ·Ç ¨ È»ÝÇÝ·ñ³¹Ç Ù³ñ½Ç ·áñͳ¹Çñ ¨ ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñ, ê³Ýï-ä»ï»ñµáõñ·áõ٠ѳí³ï³ñ³Ù³·ñí³Í ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñ, ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý, Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ¨ ³ñí»ëïÇ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñ, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Ñ³Û Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñ: ì»ñç ²Ü Ð²ê²ð²Î²ÚÜàôÂÚ²Ü Ðºî в𲴺ðàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ ì²ðâàôÂÚàôÜ Ð²Ôàð¸²ðàôÂÚàôÜ Ø²ØàôÈÆ Ð²Ø²ð 19.10.2001à ÐÐ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñ ì.úëϳÝÛ³ÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñ ².¼É»ÝÏáÛÇÝ ²Ûëûñ, ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 19-ÇÝ ÐÐ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñ ì³ñ¹³Ý úëϳÝÛ³ÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³Ûóáí ·ïÝíáÕ àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñ ²Ý³ïáÉÇ ¼É»ÝÏáÛÇÝ: êϽµáõÙ »ñÏáõ ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³í ³é³ÝÓݳ½ñáõÛó, áñÇó Ñ»ïá ѳݹÇåáõÙÁ ÁÝóó³í ÁݹɳÛÝí³Í ϳ½Ùáí: гݹÇåÙ³Ý ëϽµáõ٠ݳ˳ñ³ñ úëϳÝÛ³ÝÝ áÕçáõÝ»ó Çñ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ, Ýß»Éáí, áñ »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý É³í ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ »Ý Ù»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ³éϳ áõÝ»óáÕ ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇÝ: ²ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ ÐÐ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó ³é³ÝÓݳ½ñáõÛóÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ùÝݳñÏí³Í ÙÇ ß³ñù ѳñó»ñ, Ýß»Éáí, áñ ß»ßïÁ ¹ñí»É ¿ ÈÔ Ñ³ñóÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý íñ³: ܳ ï»Õ»Ï³óñ»É ¿ åñÝ. ¼É»ÝÏáÛÇÝ ËݹñÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý í»ñçÇÝ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, ÇëÏ í»ñçÇÝë ÏÇë»É ¿ Çñ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ´³ùíÇ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙÝ»ñÇó, ³é ³ÛÝ, áñ, ѳϳé³Ï ÑÝãáÕ é³½Ù³ï»Ýã ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ï»ëÝáõÙ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ Ë³Õ³Õ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí: ²ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ ùÝݳñÏ»óÇÝ »ñÏáõëï»ù Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ Ñ³ñó»ñ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙª »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹɳÛÝÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ýª زÎ-Á, º²ÐÎ-Ý, ºÊ-Ý ¨ êÌîÐ-Ý: øÝݳñÏí»óÇÝ Ý³¨ ³é¨ïñ³-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁݹɳÛÝÙ³Ý ¨ ϳå»ñÇ Ëáñ³óÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ª óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÝ»ñÇ, ýáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ¨ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý áõ ï³ñµ»ñ ýÇñٳݻñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí: àõÏñ³ÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»ó ݳ¨ Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ Æñ³Ý-г۳ëï³Ý ·³½³ÙáõÕÇ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ºñÏáõ ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ»ñÁ ùÝݳñÏ»óÇÝ Ý³¨ »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ³éϳ ÑÛáõå³ïáë³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ: ì » ñ ç: ²Ü вê²ð²Î²ÚÜàôÂÚ²Ü Ðºî в𲴺ðàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ ì²ðâàôÂÚàôÜ Ð³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ 19 ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ, 2001Ã. ÐÐ ² ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó Îáõµ³ÛÇ ÷á˳ñï·áñÍݳ˳ñ³ñÇÝ ²Ûëûñ, ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 19-ÇÝ ÐÐ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ì³ñ¹³Ý úëϳÝÛ³ÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó Îáõµ³ÛÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³É ²ÝË»É ¸³ÉÙ³ïÇÝ: гݹÇåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ ùÝݳñÏ»óÇÝ »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ѳïϳå»ëª ³é¨ïñ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõÙ: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ϳñ¨áñí»ó ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Çñ³í³å³Ûٳݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ ¹³ßïÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ: гݹÇå³Ù³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ åñÝ. úëϳÝÛ³ÝÁ ѳٳéáï Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ Ý»ñϳ ÷áõÉÁ: äñÝ. ¸³ÉÙ³ïÇÝ Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ ³Ù÷á÷ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í ³Ù»ñÇϳ-Ïáõµ³Û³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ íÇ׳ÏÇÝ: ÎáÕÙ»ñÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³Ý Ý³¨ ÙÇ ß³ñù ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ: ì»ñç: ²Ü вê²ð²Î²ÚÜàôÂÚ²Ü Ðºî в𲴺ðàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ ì²ðâàôÂÚàôÜ Ð³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ 19.10.01Ã. ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 18-ÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ ëïáñ³·ñ»É ¿ ºíñáå³Ï³Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ý³Ûí³Í ˳ñïÇ³Ý ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 18-ÇÝ, ºíñáå³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹Ç سñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³É³ïáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ºíñáå³Ï³Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ë³ñïdzÛÇ 40-³ÙÛ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³íáñ ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: 1961Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 18-ÇÝ ºíñáå³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï»Ý ÁݹáõÝ»É ¿ êáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ë³ñïÇ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É µ³óª ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: лﳷ³ÛáõÙ ³ÛÝ Éñ³Ùß³Ïí»É ¨ 1999. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 1-Çó ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¿ Ùï»É ºíñáå³ÛÇ í»ñ³Ý³Ûí³Í ˳ñïdzÝ: 2001Ã. ÑáõÝí³ñÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ ¹³éݳÉáí ºíñáå³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ÉÇÇñ³í ³Ý¹³Ù, å³ñï³íáñí»É ¿ñ ëïáñ³·ñ»É ˳ñïÇ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÝ í³í»ñ³óÝ»É »ñ»ù ï³ñÇ Å³ÙÏ»ïáõÙ: ʳñïdzÛÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý 40-³ÙÛ³ÏÇ ïáݳϳï³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, ÐÐ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ è³½ÙÇÏ Ø³ñïÇñáëÛ³ÝÁ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝáõÝÇó, êïñ³ëµáõñ·áõÙ ëïáñ³·ñ»É ¿ ºíñáå³Ï³Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ý³Ûí³Í ˳ñïdzÝ: êïáñ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ºíñáå³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹Ç É˳íáñ ù³ñïáõÕ³ñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³É гÝë øñÇëïÇ³Ý ÎñÛáõ·»ñÇ, êáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ »íñáå³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï»Ç ݳ˳·³Ñ êï»ÛÝ ¾íÛáõÇ, ºÊ ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï»Ç ݳ˳·³Ñ Úá½»ý ìáõÉýÇ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛ³Ùµ: êïáñ³·ñáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá Çñ »ÉáõÛÃáõÙ ÐÐ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÁ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ýᯐ ¿. § êïáñ³·ñ»Éáí ºíñáå³Ï³Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ý³ÛÙ³Ý Ë³ñïdzÝ, г۳ëï³ÝÁ Ñëï³Ïáñ»Ý Ñéã³ÏáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÝ áõ ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó å»ïù ¿ Ó·ïÇ Ñ³ëݻɦ: ʳñïÇ³Ý Ñéã³ÏáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñ¹áõ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÝáñÙ³É ¨ ³Ýíï³Ý· å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁª ³ÝÏ³Ë ë»éÇó, ï³ñÇùÇó, ͳ·áõÙÇó ³½·³ÛÇÝ å³ïϳݻÉáõÃÛáõÝÇó /ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵª 31 Çñ³íáõÝù: ì»ñç ÑÎÂÌÅÑÒÍÎÅ ÊÎÌÌÞÍÈÊÅ ÌÈÍÈÑÒÐΠÈÍÎÑÒÐÀÍÍÛÕ ÄÅË ÐÅÑÏÓÁËÈÊÈ ÀÐÌÅÍÈß È ÓÊÐÀÈÍÛ 18-19 îêòÿáðÿ 2001 ãîäà ïî ïðèãëàøåíèþ Ìèíèñòðà èíîñòðàííûõ äåë Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ Â.Ì.Îñêàíÿíà Ìèíèñòð èíîñòðàííûõ äåë Óêðàèíû À.Ì.Çëåíêî ïîñåòèë ñ îôèöèàëüíûì âèçèòîì Ðåñïóáëèêó Àðìåíèÿ. Ñîñòîÿëèñü âñòðå÷è À.Ì.Çëåíêî ñ Ïðåçèäåíòîì Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ Ð.Ñ.Êî÷àðÿíîì, Ïðåìüåð-ìèíèñòðîì Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ À.Í.Ìàðêàðÿíîì, Ïðåäñåäàòåëåì Íàöèîíàëüíîãî ñîáðàíèÿ Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ À.À.Õà÷àòðÿíîì.  õîäå ïåðåãîâîðîâ ìèíèñòðû èíîñòðàííûõ äåë ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàëè ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû äâóõñòîðîííèõ îòíîøåíèé è â ïîëèòè÷åñêîé, ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé è ãóìàíèòàðíîé ñôåðàõ, ðàññìîòðåëè ðÿä àêòóàëüíûõ âîïðîñîâ ìåæäóíàðîäíîé æèçíè. Áûëà ïîäòâåðæäåíà ãîòîâíîñòü ñòîðîí è â äàëüíåéøåì ðàçâèâàòü ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ íà îñíîâå âçàèìîâûãîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà, óâàæåíèÿ íàöèîíàëüíûõ èíòåðåñîâ äðóã äðóãà, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðèíöèïàìè ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ïðàâà. Ìèíèñòðû âûñêàçàëèñü çà ðàñøèðåíèå âíåøíåïîëèòè÷åñêèõ êîíòàêòîâ äâóõ ãîñóäàðñòâ ñ öåëüþ óêðåïëåíèÿ ñòàáèëüíîñòè è áåçîïàñíîñòè â ðåãèîíàëüíîì è ìåæäóíàðîäíîì óðîâíÿõ. Ìèíèñòðû îñóäèëè ìåæäóíàðîäíûé òåððîðèçì è âûñêàçàëèñü çà íåîáõîäèìîñòü êîíñîëèäàöèè óñèëèé âñåãî ìèðîâîãî ñîîáùåñòâà â áîðüáå ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíûì òåððîðèçìîì â ëþáûõ åãî ôîðìàõ è ïðîÿâëåíèÿõ. Ñòîðîíû ïîäòâåðäèëè ñòðåìëåíèå ê óãëóáëåíèþ ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ, à òàêæå èñïîëüçîâàíèþ òðàíçèòíûõ è äðóãèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé êàæäîé èç ñòðàí äëÿ âûõîäà íà ðûíêè òðåòüèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ. Áûëà ïîä÷åðêíóòà íåîáõîäèìîñòü ïîääåðæàíèÿ ïîçèòèâíûõ òåíäåíöèé ðàçâèòèÿ òîðãîâî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà, à òàêæå ñîäåéñòâèÿ ñî ñòîðîíû âíåøíå-ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ âåäîìñòâ â ðåàëèçàöèè âçàèìîâûãîäíûõ äâóñòîðîííèõ èíâåñòèöèîííûõ è ïðèâàòèçàöèîííûõ ïðîåêòîâ, ðàñøèðåíèè ïðîèçâåäåííîé êîîïåðàöèè ìåæäó ïðåäïðèÿòèÿìè Óêðàèíû è Àðìåíèè. Ìèíèñòðû èíîñòðàííûõ äåë îòìåòèëè âàæíîñòü ïðîäîëæåíèÿ äâóñòîðîííåãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì âîïðîñàì íà ìåæäóíàðîäíîé àðåíå, à òàêæå ïðèîðèòåòíîñòü îáùèõ óñèëèé â ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîåêòà ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî òðàíñïîðòíîãî êîðèäîðà Åâðîïà-Êàâêàç-Àçèÿ è òðàíñðåãèîíàëüíîãî ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî ïðîåêòà ÈÍÎÃÅÉÒ. Ñòîðîíû îáñóäèëè ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà â ðàìêàõ Îðãàíèçàöèè ×åðíîìîðñêîãî Ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà (Î×ÝÑ) â êîíòåêñòå ïðåäñòîÿùåãî ïðåäñåäàòåëüñòâîâàíèÿ Óêðàèíû â ýòîé ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðãàíèçàöèè. Ñòîðîíû âûðàçèëè ñâîþ ãîòîâíîñòü ê ðàçâèòèþ êîíñòðóêòèâíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà â ðàìêàõ ÎÎÍ, ÎÁÑÅ, Ñîâåòà Åâðîïû è äðóãèõ ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ îðãàíèçàöèé.  ýòîì êîíòåêñòå ñòîðîíû ñîãëàñèëèñü ïðîâîäèòü êîíñóëüòàöèè è îáìåí ìíåíèÿìè ïî âîïðîñàì, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèì âçàèìíûé èíòåðåñ. Ìèíèñòðû âûñêàçàëèñü çà ñêîðåéøåå óðåãóëèðîâàíèå íàãîðíî-êàðàáàõñêîãî êîíôëèêòà ïîëèòè÷åñêèìè ñðåäñòâàìè. Ñòîðîíû ïîäòâåðäèëè, ÷òî áóäóò âñåìåðíî ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü óäîâëåòâîðåíèþ íàöèîíàëüíî-êóëüòóðíûõ è ÿçûêîâûõ ïîòðåáíîñòåé óêðàèíñêîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî ìåíüøèíñòâà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ è, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, àðìÿíñêîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî ìåíüøèíñòâà â Óêðàèíå, ñîõðàíåíèþ äóõîâíîé è êóëüòóðíîé áëèçîñòè íàðîäîâ äâóõ ñòðàí, óãëóáëåíèþ âçàèìíûõ ñâÿçåé â ñôåðàõ êóëüòóðû, íàóêè, îáðàçîâàíèÿ, çäðàâîîyõðàíåíèÿ, ñïîðòà è òóðèçìà.  õîäå âèçèòà áûëè ïîäïèñàíû Ñîãëàøåíèå ìåæäó Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì àãðàðíîé ïîëèòèêè Óêðàèíû è Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ îá ýêîíîìè÷åñêîì è íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîì ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå â îáëàñòè àãðîïðîìûøëåííîãî êîìïëåêñà, à òàêæå Ïðîòîêîë î ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå ìåæäó Ìèíèñòåðñòâàìè èíîñòðàííûõ äåë Óêðàèíû è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àðìåíèÿ. ã.Åðåâàí, 19 îêòÿáðÿ 2001 ãîäà ²Ü Ð²ê²ð²Î²ÚÜàôÂÚ²Ü Ðºî в𲴺ðàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ ì²ðâàôÂÚàôÜ 19.10.01Ã Æ ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ Éñ³ïí³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ î»Õ»Ï³óÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝϳËáõÃÛ³Ý Ñéã³ÏÙ³Ý 10-ñ¹ ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÇ ¨ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ øñÇëïáÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹáõÝÙ³Ý 1700 ³ÙÛ³ÏÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ÐÐ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁª §²ñ³ñ³ï¦ ûÝÇëÇ ³ÏáõÙµÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳï»Õ, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ ¿ »ÝÇëÇ ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý 8-ñ¹ §ºñ¨³Ý - 2001¦ Ùñó³ß³ñÁ, áñÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ »Ý ºñ¨³Ýáõ٠ѳí³ï³ñÙ³·ñí³Í ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ÏáñåáõëÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ: Øñó³ß³ñÇ µ³óáõÙÁ Ïϳ۳ݳ ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 20-ÇÝ, ųÙÁ 10:00-ÇÝ, ºäÐ ¹ÇÙ³óÇ Ã»ÝÇëÇ Ïáñï»ñáõÙ: Øñó³ß³ñÁ Éáõë³µ³Ý»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ññ³íÇñíáõÙ »Ý ¼ÈØ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ: ÎÇë³»½ñ³÷³ÏÇã ¨ »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã ˳ջñÁ ï»ÕÇ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ý ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 20-ÇÝ Å. 12:00-13:00 ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ì»ñç:

Alpha, I can argue about something for very long time without name calling – my arguments would be on the substance of the issue, I will not demagog it, and would not make unsubstantiated declerations. But I can assure you that I will not allow somebody insulting me or name calling go unnoticed. And indeed, lately, I have resorted to some name calling – something that I have denounced in this forum in the past, and have advocated for long time. But the thing is that I don’t have unlimited patience. Sometimes I feel compelled to retaliate. As a matter of fact I am very anxious to hear arguments based on facts, logic and reason. And I do my best to post based on knowledge, substance, logic, verified information, etc. If you have contrary evidence, please let me know. Now, I have not insulted Anshnork, but have given him three “recommendations” for the type of comment he has directed at me – if you have not been able to assess it at the time, I would ask you to go and read the thread again. Pretty much anybody against whom I have used “names” in this forum, has provoked it. For absolute majority of the cases I have “let it go.” But as I have said above, sometimes my patience also runs thin. I would also ask you to check it by reading the evolution of the discussions. I would gladly take your request about name calling under consideration. However, may I ask you also not use name calling against those who are not represented in this forum, especially if you don’t have adequate basis for it? As to me being ever wrong, yes, I have been wrong many times in my life, and as soon as it has been demonstrated, I have admitted it momentarily – you would be surprised to know how easily I can do that. But given that your last question is of rhetorical character, could you be specific, and tell/point me at an argument of mine which is wrong in your view, and than we can discuss it specifically?

quote:Originally posted by khodja: Martin, I still do not understand how the FBI and the CIA had no clue as to what Bin Laden's henchman were planning for the 11th of September. I wish that was the only thing that you don't understand.

quote:Originally posted by Azat: True, including idiots who are calling themselves "energy experts" and predict 4 dollar gas price in CA in 2001. Indeed, only idiots predict prices, whether it is gas or stock or any other price. But they are not the only idiots. Idiots are also theose schools who lower their standards so much, that every idiot gets an MBA degrees, and then goes out to screw the ecomnomy, the markets, whole industries, and so on.

Wake up, Mustafa. This is not the Ottoman Empire.

quote:Originally posted by THOTH: MJ/Omar - a very good point...but why then will doing such get you sent to Hell...I am most confused....LOL Yes. There is a dilemma, here - do it on the Earth and go to Hell, or live your life on the Earth as in Hell, and go to Heaven. P.S. But you know what they say, right? "You are going to be dead for much longer than alive." [ October 19, 2001: Message edited by: MJ ]

The thing is that in a free country even an idiot is entitled to an opinion, as long as he pays his taxes.

quote:Originally posted by aurguplu: winston, i understand your indignation at the way the qur'an treats women and lures men to islam by the use of flowing milk and honey and of women as sex objects, but the book was revealed to a very, very primitive bunch of people. Omar Khaiyam has a quatrain, where he conveys approximately the following message: "They say we will have lot's of wine and women in Heaven, If that's what we go to Heaven for, why not to do the same on the Earth?" - My free and lousy translation.

White House report calls US energy picture dimmest in 30 years Inside Energy/with Federal Lands--21May2001 The Bush administration's energy policy task force presents a stern view of the United States' energy situation, calling the imbalance in supply and demand the worst it has been in 30 years and warning that remedies will take years to fully implement. "America in the year 2001 faces the most serious energy shortage since the oil embargoes of the 1970s,'' says the report, which President Bush unveiled Thursday in St. Paul, Minn. "The effects are already being felt nationwide. Many families face energy bills two to three times higher than they were a year ago,'' the report says. "Millions of Americans find themselves dealing with rolling blackouts or brownouts; some employers must lay off workers or curtail production to absorb the rising cost of energy. Drivers across America are paying higher and higher gasoline prices.'' The report depicts the US energy situation as "a fundamental imbalance" between supply and demand. One chart shows the difference between US consumption and production, now about 25 quadrillion BTUs, increasing to about 50 quads in 2020. "This imbalance, if allowed to continue, will inevitably undermine our economy, our standard of living, and our national security,'' the report says. "But it is not beyond our power to correct. America leads the world in scientific achievement, technical skill, and entrepreneurial drive. Within our country are abundant natural resources, unrivaled technology, and unlimited human creativity.'' "With forward-looking leadership and sensible policies, we can meet our future energy demands and promote energy conservation, and do so in environmentally responsible ways that set a standard for the world,'' the report says. The report lists as principal challenges "using energy more wisely,'' repairing and expanding the US energy infrastructure, and increasing energy supplies in ways that improve the environment. It says meeting each of the challenges is critical to expanding the US economy, meeting demands of a growing population and raising the nation's standard of living. On conservation, the report says new technologies have enabled significant improvements in energy efficiency in farming, manufacturing and homes, as well as in development of better materials. "While such advances cannot alone solve America's energy problems, they can and will continue to play an important role in our energy future,'' the report says. To match supply and demand, the US will require 38,000 miles of new natural gas pipelines and 255,000 miles of gas distribution lines, the report says. Similarly, it notes that an antiquated transmission grid makes it difficult to deliver electricity over long distances to avert regional blackouts, such as those occurring in California. "Renewable and alternative fuels offer hope for America's energy future,'' the report says. "But they supply only a small fraction of present energy needs. The day they fulfill the bulk of our needs is still years away. Until that day comes, we must continue meeting the nation's energy requirements by the means available to us.'' The report cites estimates that over the next 20 years, the US will consume 33% more oil, 50% more natural gas and 45% more electricity. "Increases on this scale will require preparation and action today,'' it says. "Yet America has not been bringing on-line the necessary supplies and infrastructure.'' The US produces 39% less oil today than it did in 1970, despite new technologies that have transformed exploration and production, the report says. If current production trends hold, the US will import nearly two-thirds of the oil it consumes. The US has similar opportunities to increase electricity supplies, the report says. Based on projected demand over the next 20 years, the nation will need between 1,300 and 1,900 new power plants, many of them fueled with natural gas, it says. The report offers more than 100 recommendations to improve energy efficiency, modernize energy infrastructure and increase energy supplies. Among the energy-efficiency options are recommendations to direct federal agencies to take actions to conserve energy use at their facilities, especially during periods of peak demand in regions where electricity shortages are possible; increase funding for renewable energy and energy efficiency research programs that are performance-based and cost-shared; create an income-tax credit for purchases of hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles; extend DOE's "Energy Star'' program to include schools, retail buildings, healthcare facilities and homes; provide tax credit and streamline permitting to accelerate development of combined-heat-and-power technology; and direct the Transportation Dept. to review Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards once the National Academy of Sciences completes a study on the topic. Recommendations to modernize US energy infrastructure include options to direct agencies to expedite pipeline permitting; issue an executive order directing agencies to coordinate federal, state and local actions necessary for energy projects; grant the government authority to obtain rights-of-way for electricity transmission lines, similar to authority available already for natural gas pipelines and highways; enact comprehensive electricity legislation that promotes competition, encourages new generation and protects consumers; enact legislation to provide for enforcement of electricity-reliability standards; and expand DOE's R&D on transmission reliability and superconductivity. To increase energy supplies, the task force proposes to issue an executive order requiring agencies to consider the energy impact of their regulatory actions; open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge's coastal plain to oil exploration and production; earmark $1.2-bil of bid bonuses from ANWR development to fund alternative and renewable energy research; enact legislation to expand existing alternative fuels tax incentives to include landfills that capture methane gas for electricity production and to electricity generated from wind and biomass; provide $2-bil over 10 years to fund clean-coal technology as well as a new credit for electricity produced from biomass co-fired with coal; streamline hydropower relicensing; and promote nuclear power by establishing a national repository for high-level waste and by streamlining licensing of nuclear plants. Among the environment-related recommendations are ones that would enact "multi-pollutant'' legislation to establish a flexible, market-based program to "significantly reduce and cap'' emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and mercury from power plants; increase exports of US technologies that produce energy cleanly; and establish a "Royalties Conservation Fund,'' with royalties from ANWR production, to fund land conservation efforts. The report also calls for steps to help low-income people cope with high energy prices, including recommendations to dedicate new funds to the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program by funneling a portion of oil and gas royalty payments to LIHEAP when prices exceed a certain level; double funding for the Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program, increasing it by $1.4-bil over 10 years; and support a "North American Energy Framework'' to expand and accelerate cross-border energy projects. "Present trends are not encouraging, but they are not immutable," the report says. "They are among today's most urgent challenges, and well within our power to overcome."