MosJan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9Fli_Armenian_Cemetery#References

The Şişli Armenian Cemetery is an Armenian cemetery in the Şişli district of Istanbul, Turkey which is operated and served by the Armenian community of Turkey.[1] Notable burials Hovhannes Arsharouni – Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople Simon Agopyan – Painter Zabel Sibil Asadour – Writer Sevag Balıkçı – murdered conscript in Turkish Military Zaven Biberyan – Writer Hagop Dilacar – Linguist Markar Esayan – Journalist and Politician Mari Gerekmezyan – Sculptor Harutyun Hanesyan – Musician Udi Hrant – Musician Garbis İstanbulluoğlu – Football Athlete Toto Karaca – Actress Sirvart Karamanuk – Composer and Pianist Arman Manukyan – Professor Matild Manukyan – Businesswoman Malachia Ormanian – Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople Stepan Papelyan – Musician Maryam Şahinyan – Photographer Nubar Terziyan – Actor Onno Tunc – Musician and Composer Yervant Voskan – Sculptor Zahrad – Poet Haykanush Mark – Writer, poet Anahit Yulanda Varan – female street performer playing the accordion Garbis Zakaryan – Boxer

https://www.remarkablearmenians.com/blog/oscar-banker Four Remarkable things about Oscar Banker Had over 300 patents A gypsy’s fortune reading changed his life Changed last name to Banker to not tip off Turkish authorities Invented the automatic transmission because he had hard time shifting gears when driving. Asadoor was born in a cave in Mounjousoun, Caesarea, Turkey, in 1895 during the Hamidian Massacres. His mother, who was known for helping the people in their community with health problems had also treated some Gypsies in 1909 who had been injured. To repay her kindness an old Gypsy woman asked to tell the fortune of the family members. She told them she was very sad to tell them that their future was bleak, they should somehow get away, to leave. When she spoke to Asadoor, however, she said “Young man, you alone have a great future ahead of you. You are going to cross big waters. You are going to attain fame and fortune.” (Oscar Banker: “Dreams and Wars of an American Inventor”.) The incident was forgotten by all except Asadoor who remembered it many times as his life progressed. In 1913, at the age of 18 while attending the American School for Boys in Talas, he suddenly had an urge to get out – to go. There was a chance he would be drafted into the Turkish army and as an Armenian man it was certain he would not survive it. In spite of his mother’s pleas to wait a year until he graduated from the school, he traveled to Smyrna where his older sister, Marie, was teaching. With her help he obtained a passport and left for the United States. Most of his family were killed during the Armenian Genocide in 1915. His sister was spared. She wrote a book about her experience entitled “My Beloved Armenia.” His Education and name change After arriving in the U.S. Asadoor wanted very much to become an educated man. He was good in math and wished to be an engineer. His mathematics teacher in Talas had come to the U.S. to study electrical engineering at Wisconsin University so Asadoor decided to join him there. He was unable to attend the university because he had not completed his high school education although he did attend night school classes at the local YMCA and extension classes at the University of Wisconsin. He was in a college town with no prospects of a job when it was suggested he might try Racine instead. He never obtained a formal high school education nor his beloved degree in Engineering but is listed in the 1976 Who’s Who in the World. In 1916 he received a letter from his sister with a difference in the return address. She had changed her last name from “Sarafian” to its English translation, “Banker”. He realized using their given last name would tip off the Turkish authorities to her Armenian roots and endanger her life. He decided to also change his last name and since his Swedish friends were already calling him Oscar instead of Asadoor he changed both names. The Patriotic Immigrant During WWI many of Oscar’s friends volunteered for the armed services. Oscar registered but his employer exempted him because he was working for a company which was shipping parts to the munitions factories. He tried to join on his own but was turned away because he was not a citizen. He felt he must help someway in the war effort. He tried to find work in a factory which was producing war equipment. He landed a temporary position at his second attempt at the R & V Ordnance Co. in East Moline where they were building large guns for the Navy. His boss said if he could figure out why 60% of their guns were scrapped by the Navy for rifling he would have a permanent position. The company had been working on the problem for months with no solution. Oscar studied the problem and had a solution in one day. Everyone agreed he was correct. The scrapping went down to 2%! That was the start of his “method of operation” for the rest of his life. “When I see something doesn’t work quite right, I try to see what I can do to make it work a little better.” (Oscar Banker “Dreams and Wars of an American Inventor”.) First Invention After the war many people, including Oscar, lost their jobs as munitions companies changed their line of business. He took on small design jobs. His sister had arrived in the U.S. and Oscar bought a house for her where he also lived. Now he had the responsibility of caring for his sister and keeping up house payments. He had an idea to design and build a saw-filing machine for a wood-cutting bandsaw. He made an agreement with the pattern shop to use their machinery to build his invention. It worked very well and was built by the Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Company. While selling his product to various shops around the country Oscar went to Philadelphia. While there he found out a young woman, Rose, he had known in his hometown had survived the Genocide and was living in Philadelphia with her mother and two brothers. They became reacquainted and eventually married and had four children. Automatic Transmission The story behind the development of the automatic transmission is very interesting. In 1919 Oscar was working for the Racine Tool and Machine Co. his superintendent, William Rheinhart, gave him the opportunity to buy a car that the company was going to get rid of. Oscar told him he didn’t know how to drive a car, but Mr. Rheinhart showed him and left him to try it out. Oscar had a very hard time trying to shift from low into 2nd gear and finally got around the block in low gear. He was a mechanic and understood machinery but could not make the gears work for him. He smashed ring gears, broke drive shafts and finally decided to do something about it. Unfortunately it took many years to convince the car companies that his idea was correct and better than what their engineers had produced. In 1933 before Oscar’s automatic transmission was accepted by the automakers he met William Stout the builder of the first all-metal airplane who was under contract to build a new railcar for the Pullman Car & Manufacturing Co. The modern railcar was driven by truck engines and Mr. Stout needed a transmission that worked automatically and was unable to find one. When he saw Oscar’s automatic transmission he accepted it immediately. The Stout Railcar was used as a commuter between Jackson and Tylertown, Mississippi from 1933 – 1953 and gave more than a half-million miles of trouble-free service. After that the Yellow Coach division of General Motors installed his transmission in several hundred double-decker buses in Chicago and New York City. Eventually the Hydromatic transmission, as the first commercial passenger automatic transmission came to be called, made its automotive debut in the 1940 Oldsmobile. In the end, Oscar was known as the “father of automatic transmission”. Award from his peers Oscar Banker ready to testify before the Joint Legislative Committee on Motor Vehicles and Traffic Safety on the dangers of shifting patterns and the need for the automatic transmission. (courtesy of his book Dreams and Wars of an American Inventor: An Immigrant’s Romance) In 1969 at the age of 73 Oscar was honored for his work “in the advancement of modern facilities beneficial to mankind”. The award was presented to him by the Automotive Old Timers,, a national historic organization of automotive inventors, engineers, stylists, Manufactureers and dealers. The Citation specifically credited him for developing the world’s first practical working commercial transmission and for inventing a freewheeling clutch and final drive unit which made Igor Sikorsky’s invention of the helicopter a reality. Other major Oscar Banker patents include foolproof transmissions for the M6 and M4 “Prime Mover” built for the U.S. Army, Marine reverse gear for the U.S. Navy, Relief valve for pressures up to 10,000 P.S.I., Seawater distillation process, Non-skid hydraulic brake system, variable speed accessory drive for car engines, mechanical power steering for cars, Hydraulic remote control snowplow, automatic car headlight turn-off switch to mention just a few. Oscar Banker died in 1973 at the age of 83. “I have been called a genius in my time. There is no such thing! Genius is sweat, stubbornness, preoccupation with detail, refusal to quit! That is genius.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_H._Banker Oscar H. Banker (born Asatour Sarafian; May 31, 1895 [1]– January 1979) was an Armenian American inventor who patented a number of works, including an automatic transmission for automobiles, the needleless inoculation gun, the primary controls of the first Sikorsky helicopter, and power steering.[2][3][4][5] He is considered by some as the "father of automatic transmission."[2][6] He is accredited as the inventor of the first practical automatic transmission,[4][7][8][9] though Alfred Horner Munro of Canada patented an automatic transmission 14 years before Banker. (Munro's invention relied on the medium of compressed air and therefore lacked power and was never developed commercially.)Life and careerOscar Banker was born Asatour Sarafian in the Ottoman Empire in 1895 to an Armenian family. His family survived the Hamidian Massacres of the 1890s. Sarafian, who was an infant at the time, became sick and was not expected to live due to the lack of caregiving by his mother, who became traumatized from the massacres.[6] His father saved the child's life by using a goat's udder as a feeding bottle in order to feed him grape juice.[6] This technique ultimately brought Asatour back to full health.[4]Asatour left the Ottoman Empire as a teenager and settled in Chicago.[5] After his arrival in Ellis Island and subsequent settlement, Asatour Sarafian took up the name Oscar Banker and began working for a shop that specialized in machinery.[4] While working at the machine shop, Banker invented a saw-filing machine.[4] After his first invention, Banker dedicated his life to inventing.When General Motors incorporated the semi-automatic transmission system, the mechanism had many flaws. Oscar Banker proposed an automatic transmission system for the company that would be more safe and durable.[4] After battling for eight years with automobile engineering companies, Banker's proposition was accepted and his automatic transmission was adopted by General Motors.[6] Eventually, Banker came to be known as "the man who made [consumer advocate] Ralph Nader."[6][10] He was also mentioned in Ralph Nader's book Unsafe at Any Speed.Banker was also noted for his contribution to aviation mechanics. He invented the primary control of the first Sikorsky helicopter.[6][8] The invention eventually led to the mass production of helicopters during World War II.[6]Banker invented a pneumatic inoculation gun. Banker's wife heard on the television that military surgeon Dr. Robert Hingson suggested such a mechanism, and she told her husband. Banker ultimately patented the gun in 1968. The gun was accepted by the Med-E-Jet company in Cleveland, Ohio.[5] It had the ability to administer 2,000 shots an hour.[11] The gun was used throughout the world. When Grenada suffered an epidemic, Med-E-Jet issued many of Banker's pneumatic inoculation guns. On August 2, 1979, Grenada issued a postage stamp to commemorate his achievement.[5][11]Bob Hull has published Oscar H. Banker's memoirs titled Dreams and Wars of an American Inventor: An Immigrant's Romance in 1983.[12] In his memoirs Banker writes: "America is yet the greatest country existing for opportunity, for achievement and if a person can endure the hardships, ridicule, rebuffs, whatever and keep on going! That is what counts. And absolutely nothing else."Oscar Banker had a son named Oscar Banker Jr.[5]Oscar Banker died in Cleveland, Ohio in 1979 at the age of 83.[5]Notable patentsBand Saw Sharpener U.S. Patent Number 1,634,281, filing date: 3 March 1924, issue date: 5 July 1927.[13]Change Speed Transmission U.S. Patent Number 1,985,884, filing date: 14 December 1932, issue date: 1 January 1935.[14]Change Speed Transmission Mechanism U.S. Patent Number 2,198,072, filing date: 31 May 1934, issue date: 23 April 1940.Automatic Transmission U.S. Patent 2,199,095, filing date: 18 October 1934, issue date: 30 April 1940.[15]Gun Type Inoculator U.S. Patent Number 3,518,990, filing date: 2 May 1968, issue date: 7 July 1970.[16]Self-cleaning Apparatus for Purifying Sea Water by Distillation U.S. Patent Number 2,735,807, filing date: 20 October 1951, issue date: 21 February 1956.[17]Change-Speed Gearing for Aircraft Propellers U.S. Patent Number 2,348,716, filing date: 15 May 1941, issue date: 16 May 1944.[18]Power-steering Mechanism U.S. Patent Number 2,977,813, filing date: 13 April 1955, issue date: 4 April 1961.[19]Relief Valve for High Pressures U.S. Patent Number 2,989,072, filing date: 24 April 1959, issue date: 20 June 1961.[20]Automatic Light Switch and Battery Disconnect U.S. Patent Number 3,963,941, filing date: 16 April 1975, issue date: 15 June 1976.[21]Inking Mechanism for Multicolor Printing Press U.S. Patent Number 2,022,840, filing date: 7 July 1927, issue date: 3 December 1935.[22]

Asatour Sarafian Oscar H. Banker Oscar H. Banker, born as Asatour Sarafian (1895 – January 1979) was an Armenian American inventor who invented the automatic transmission for automobiles. Considered as the ‘father of automatic transmission’ he was also responsible for the invention of the needle-less inoculation gun, the primary controls of the first Sikorsky helicopter, and power steering. Sarafyan was born in Kayseri in 1895 in a cave his parents took shelter to escape the Hamidian massacres of the Hamidiye cavalry regiments of the Ottoman Empire, and migrated to the USA in 1914. Arriving in Chicago as a teenager, Safarian adopted his new name Oscar Banker. His first break through as an inventor happened when General Motors adopted his automatic transmission system after their own semi-automatic system failed due to many flaws. However his inventions did not stay limited to the automotive industry. During WWII, he invented the primary controls of the first Sikorsky helicopter, which lead to a mass production. He’s also the patent holder of many other inventions. At the age of 83, Oscar Banker died in 1979, Cleveland Ohio. His memoirs titled ‘Dreams and Wars of an American Inventor: An Immigrant's Romance’ were published in 1983. Sources: - Mouradian, George (1995). Armenian infotext (1st ed.). Southgate, Mich.: Bookshelf Publishers. ISBN 9780963450920. - Oscar Banker. WORLDLAB. Retrieved 27 February 2013. The creator of the first practical automatic transmission for cars and buses. - Stevens, Monica (August 1, 2010). "The Armenian Community in Michigan". Examiner. Asatour Sarafian, inventor of the auto transmission. - Are Armenians the only victims of 1915? Agos. Retrieved from

https://armenianweekly.com/2017/01/24/facs-music-ethiopia/ FACS to Present ‘The Emperor, the Nalbandians, and the Dawn of Western Music in Ethiopia’ The concert will feature the Grammy-nominated Either/Orchestra (E/O), directed by Russ Gershon. The E/O will be joined by vocalists performing songs in four languages: Bruck Tesfaye of the Debo Band (Amharic), Ronald Murphy (English), Serena Tchorbajian (Armenian) and Manolo Mairena (Spanish). The program will include music Nalbandian composed and arranged during his tenure as Music Director of the Haile Selassie National Theater (1956-74), as well as music by Nalbandian’s favorites, ranging from Armenian composers to Xavier Cugat and Ray Charles. All of this is interpreted though the jazz lens of the ten-piece E/O, winners of five Boston Music Awards and numerous placements in the Down Beat International Critics Poll. The event also celebrates the release of the E/O’s CD Ethiopiques 32: Nalbandian the Ethiopian (Buda Musique, Paris), for which the E/O has reconstructed and interpreted Nalbandian’s music in live and studio recordings made in Ethiopia, the US and Canada. The E/O’s previous Ethiopiques release, Live in Addis (2005), was called “astonishing…monumental…the best live album of the year in any genre” by Paul Olsen, AllAboutJazz.com. Armenian scholar Dr. Boris Adjemian, the director of the AGBU Nubar Library in Paris, will deliver a short pre-concert talk. Tickets are $25 and $35. For tickets visit or call the box office at (617) 923-8487 (Tue-Sun, 12-5 p.m.). Nerses Nalbandian Born in 1915 in Aintab, Ottoman Empire, Nerses Nalbandian settled in Aleppo, Syria after his family escaped the Armenian Genocide. He worked as a music teacher and choir master at the Armenian Orthodox Church in Syria, before moving to Ethiopia in 1938 at the invitation of his uncle Kevork Nalbandian. The elder Nalbandian was a well-known musician in Ethiopia and the director of Arba Lijoch (Amharic for “40 children”) an imperial brass band comprised of 40 Armenian orphans. In 1924, future emperor Haile Selassie adopted and brought the orphans to Ethiopia after he saw them performing in Jerusalem’s Armenian quarter. Kevork Nalbandian was a well-known musician in Ethiopia and the director of Arba Lijoch (Amharic for “40 children”) an imperial brass band comprised of 40 Armenian orphans. Over decades as a teacher and performer, Nerses rose to be appointed music director of the Haile Selassie Theater in 1956. His arrangements of Ethiopian music for Western instruments interpreted traditional and original Ethiopian melodies through an American style big band, laying the ground for development of modern Ethiopian pop and jazz. The pioneers of this music have become internationally recognized in recent years, primarily through Ethiopiques and its curator Francis Falceto, who considers a Nalbandian album a major missing element in the series—until now. Nalbandian also composed the original anthem of the Organization of African States (later the African Union), which will be played in the Feb. 19 concert. He received the very rare honor of being naturalized as an Ethiopian citizen by Haile Selassie. Nalbandian and the Either/Orchestra In 2004, during their first visit to Ethiopia, the E/O was heard by Nalbandian’s adult children, who invited Gershon and the band to revive Nerses’ long-unplayed music for the theater orchestra. (The current theater orchestra has played some of the songs, leaving most untouched). The E/O returned in 2011 to perform full concerts of Nalbandian’s music at the National Theater and other venues. These concerts were recorded by top Ethiopian producer Abegasu Shiota, forming the core of Nalbandian the Ethiopian.

https://auroraprize.com/en/kevork-nalbandian-composer-of-ethiopian-national-anthem Kevork Nalbandian, Composer of Ethiopian National Anthem Who he was Originally from Aintab (Gaziantep), Kevork Nalbandian was an orphan of the Armenian Genocide. Having been recognized as a talented musician, he moved to Kilis at the invitation of the Armenian Church to teach music. During the atrocities he moved to Syria, where he lived until he moved again, this time to Ethiopia. There, he was commissioned by the country’s emperor Haile Selassie I to compose the national anthem. He subsequently led the Ethiopian national royal orchestra, made up of orphans of the Genocide from Jerusalem, in performing the anthem for the first time. Recognized for his musical prowess by Emperor Selassie, Nalbandian was made director of the orphan choir known as the “Arba Lijoch,” or “40 children” (orphans) in Amharic. The children were brought to Ethiopia after Selassie, impressed with their abilities, convinced the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem to allow them to come to Ethiopia. They were trained by Nalbandian, who was then asked to compose the national anthem, which he called “Teferi Marsh, Ethiopia Hoy” (“Ethiopia, Be Happy”). The Arba Lijoch performed the anthem for the first time in public during Selassie’s coronation as emperor on November 2, 1930. Nalbandian went on to compose over 50 Ethiopian songs, many of which were for the emperor. He also founded the Addis Ababa theater. Interesting fact His musical legacy outlived him primarily through his nephew, Nerses, who was instrumental in the development of the distinct variant of jazz called Ethio-jazz.

Դժվար է քարտեզի վրա պատկերացնել որևէ երկիր, որտեղ հայեր չկան․ թեկուզ փոքրաթիվ, բայց հայերն ամենուր են․․․ Ինձ համար հատկապես ազդեցիկ է Գրիգոր Դերբելյանի պատմությունը․ նրան կոչում էին «Սվազիլենդի թագավոր»։ Մտածում ես՝ Այնթափն ու՞ր, Սվազիլենդը՝ Աֆրիկան ու՞ր, բայց անմարդկային վայրագությունները պատճառ դարձան, որ հայերը տարածվեն աշխարհով և հետո շենացնեն այն տարածքները՝ երկրները, որտեղ ապրում էին․․․ Ահավասիկ, նա նույնպես ծնվել էր Այնթափում՝ 1887թ-ին։ Երաժշտական բացառիկ ունակությունների շնորհիվ՝ տակավին երիտասարդ տարիքում արդեն վարժապետ էր՝ երաժշտության ուսուցիչ և նվագախմբի ղեկավար՝ նախ հայրենի Այնթափում, հետո նաև Քիլիսում։ 1913թ-ին քսանվեցամյա կոմպոզիտորը մեկնեց Կոստանդնուպոլիս, որտեղ ուսանեց Կոմիտասի մոտ։ Երկու տարի անց, վերադառնալով Քիլիս, նա հիմնեց առաջին փողային նվագախումբը՝ ուսանողներին սովորեցնելով միաժամանակ նվագող գործիքների ներդաշնակության արվեստը: Սակայն Մեծ եղեռնը շրջեց երիտասարդի կյանքը․ թուրքերը կոտորեցին նրա գրեթե բոլոր հարազատներին, ներառյալ՝ ծնողներին։ Ինքն էլ մի կերպ փախավ Սիրիա․․․ Հալեպում նա շարունակեց երաժշտական գործունեությունը և մինչև անգամ պարգևատրվեց ֆրանսիական ակադեմիայի ոսկե մեդալով։ Տասը տարի անց՝ 1924-ին, նա տեղափոխվեց Երուսաղեմ, որտեղ հիմնեց հայ որբերի փողային նվագախումբը․ որբերին պահում էր Հայոց Պատրիարքարանը․․․ Մի օր որբերի նվագախմբի հերթական ելույթը լսում է այդ պահին Երուսաղեմում գտնվող Եթովպիայի վերջին թագավորը՝ Տեֆերի Մեկոնինը։ Ազդեցիկ ելույթից և պատարագից հետո թագավորը պարզապես խնդրում է թույլ տալ իրեն՝ հովանավորելու որբերի նվագախումբն ու դրա ղեկավարին։ Հայոց պատրիարքարանի օրհնությամբ՝ Եթովպիայի թագավորը որդեգրում է քառասուն հայ որբերի և իր անձնական պաշտպանության տակ առնում խմբի ղեկավարին՝ Գևորգ Նալբանդյանին։ Գևորգն իր սաների հետ տեղափոխվում է Ադիս Աբեբա, և որբերի նվագախումբը դառնում է Կայսերական նվագախումբ։ Թագավորը հայ որբերին կրթություն է տալիս, ապահովում նրանց բնակարանով և բարեկեցիկ կյանքով։ Քսանհինգ երկար տարիներ Նալբանդյանը Եթովպիայում ծավալում էր բազմաբնույթ երաժշտական և հասարակական գործունեություն։ Նա հիմնեց և կազմավորեց կայսերական բանակի, մայրաքաղաքի քաղաքապետարանի, ոստիկանության նվագախմբերը՝ անձամբ հասցնելով դրանք պրոֆեսիոնալ մակարդակի։ Գևորգի հեղինակությունն ավելի բարձրաձավ Եթովպիայում, երբ 1926թ-ին նա գրեց այդ պետության պետական հիմնը, որը երկրում հնչելու էր 66 երկար տարիներ՝ մինչև 1992թ-ը։ 1938թ-ին Գևորգի մոտ բնակության տեղափոխվեց նրա քսաներեքամյա որդին՝ Ներսեսը։ Ներսեսն այդ պահին ջութակի պրոֆեսիոնալ ուսուցիչ էր, և Ադիս Աբեբա հասնելուն պես՝ նշանակվեց Հայկական եկեղեցու հոգևոր նվագախմբի ղեկավար։ Ներսեսն այնուհետև հիմնեց հռչակավոր «Մուրադյան» կապելլան, որի համբավը տարածվեց աշխարհով։ Հենց նա Եթովպիայում բեմադրեց Պերճ Պռոշյանի «Սոս և Վարդիդթեր» գործը՝ ձևափոխելով այն երաժշտական ներկայացման։ Իսկ Գևորգ Նալբանդյանը շարունակեց իր տաղանդավոր գործունեությունը Եթովպիայում և հիմնեց Ադիս Աբեբայի երաժշտական թատրոնը։ 1944թ-ին հանճարեղ կոմպոզիտորը դիմեց Եթովպիայի կառավարությանը՝ կայսերական նվագախումբն իր եղբոր ղեկավարությանը հանձնելու խնդրանքով։ Նրա եղբայրը՝ Հակոբ Նալբանդյանը, ժամանեց Բեյրութից և Գևորգի ձեռքերից ընդունեց նվագախմբի ղեկավարի պարտականությունները։ Երբ իտալացիները օկուպացրեցին Եթովպիան, Գևորգ Նալբանդյանը աքսորվեց Էրիտերիա։ Երկրորդ աշխարհամարտի ավարտից և Եթովպիայի ազատագրումից հետո Նալբանդյանը վերադարձավ Ադիս Աբեբա և գլխավորեց բանակի ռազմական նվագախումբը՝ ստանալով Եթովպիայի զինված ուժերի կապիտանի կոչում։ 1946թ-ին նա դարձավ Ադիս Աբեբայի երաժշտության և թատրոնի զարգացման վարչության ղեկավարը։ Հանճարեղ այնթափցին մահացավ 1963թ-ի մայիսի 5-ին Ադիս Աբեբայում, 76 տարեկանում․․․ Նկարում՝ Եթովպիայի ազգային հիմնի կոմպոզիտոր, «Արփա-Լիչոց» նվագախմբի հիմնադիր, Ադիս Աբեբայի առաջին երաժշտական թատրոնի հիմնադիր, Եթովպիայի ԶՈՒ կապիտան Գևորգ Նալբանդյանը Այնթափից և հայ որբերից կազմված Եթովպիայի թագավորական նվագախումբը։ Эдуард Манвелян

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Gevorg Nalbandian: an Armenian who Wrote an Anthem for an African Country https://armedia.am/eng/news/83301/gevorg-nalbandian-an-armenian-who-wrote-an-anthem-for-an-african-country.html There are countries in the world, where there are not so many Armenians, and thus the "Armenian trace", at the same time, but often the contribution of Armenians to the development and prosperity of this or that country is quite obvious. One of such countries is Ethiopia, with which Armenia has longstanding historical and spiritual ties. The small Armenian diaspora in this exotic ancient country has always occupied an important place in all areas of state and cultural life, Dlmn.info notes. At times, the number of the Ethiopian Armenian community reached a couple of thousand people, today there are hardly a hundred Armenians in Addis-Ababa. But the amazing thing is that you can tell a lot about such a small diaspora. The variety of activities for which the Ethiopian Armenians became famous is simply amazing. One of the most interesting facts is that the anthem of Ethiopia was created by Armenian Gevorg Nalbandian. Gevorg Nalbandian was born in Antheb. He received his primary education at a local school. He taught music in the schools of Zeitoun and Kilis. He played the canon, violin, wind instruments, sang and wrote music. In Constantinople, Nalbandian studied the theory of Armenian music by Komitas. Returning to Kilis, he organized a brass band, teaching students the harmony of instruments that sounded together. In 1919 he moved to Aleppo and continued his pedagogical activity. He was awarded the honorary order of the French government "Crown of the Academy." Moving to Jerusalem in 1924, Gevorg created a brass band from pupils of the orphanage of the Armenian Patriarchate. In the same year, the future Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I, visited Jerusalem and, attending the church feast in the Armenian Patriarchate, listened admiringly to the performances of Armenian orphans. After the festivities, he asked the patriarch to give the orchestra to him, promising to take care of them in a fatherly way. The patriarch could not refuse, and the regent and heir to the throne, by adopting 40 young musicians, took them with him to Addis-Ababa. Here, under the leadership of Nalbandian, they organized an imperial orchestra. Haile Selassie really gave everyone education, housing, provided with work, Sobesednikarmenii.ru writes. And the top of Gevorg Nalbandian's work was writing the national anthem of Ethiopia, written by the request of the monarch, which was performed until 1992.

Zabel Yesayan (Armenian: Զապել Եսայան (reformed), Զապէլ Եսայեան (classical); 4 February 1878 – 1943) was an Armenian writer and a prominent figure in the Armenian academic and political community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Zabel Yesayan's books, articles, and speeches cover a range of topics such as the Adana massacre, Armenian genocide, and commentary on the status of Armenian women. Yesayan also worked as a translator in France as well as a professor during her later years as an academic. Her novels and articles contributed to understanding the persecution of Turkish Armenians, the after effect of World War I, and women's roles and rights in the Ottoman and Armenian communities. Biography Zabel Hovannessian, daughter of Mkrtich Hovannessian, was born on the night of February 4, 1878, in the Silahdar neighborhood of Scutari, Istanbul, during the height of the Russo-Turkish War.[1] She attended Holy Cross (Ս. Խաչ) elementary school and graduated in 1892.[2] Student in Paris In 1895 she was among the first women from Istanbul to study abroad, moving to Paris, where she studied literature and philosophy at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France.[3] Inspired by the French Romantic movement and the nineteenth-century revival of Armenian Literature in the Western Armenian dialect, she began what would become a prolific writing career. Her work also contributed to the Armenian intellectual movement called Zartonk (the awakening), along with other female authors such as Srpuhi Dussap and Zabel Asatur (Sibyl).[3] Zabel Yesayan While in Paris, she married the painter Dickran Yesayan (1874-1921).[4] They had two children, Sophie and Hrant.[5] After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, Yesayan returned to Istanbul. In 1909, Yesayan was appointed to the Armenian Constantinople Patriarchate's Commission and sent to Cilicia to examine the situation.[6] Yesayan published a series of articles in connection with the Adana massacres.[7] The tragic fate of the Armenians in Cilicia is also the subject of her book Among the Ruins (Աւերակներու մէջ, Istanbul 1911), the novella The Curse (1911), and the short stories "Safieh" (1911), and "The New Bride" (1911). World War I Refugee Attacks on Armenians in Ottoman Turkey during World War I left Yesayan's life in peril. She was the only woman on the list of Armenian intellectuals targeted for arrest and deportation by the Ottoman Young Turk government on April 24, 1915.[8] Yesayan evaded arrest and fled to Bulgaria and later to Baku and the Caucasus, where she worked with Armenian refugees documenting their eyewitness accounts of atrocities that had taken place during the Armenian genocide.[6] Yesayan's son stayed with her mother in Constantinople while her husband and daughter were in France.[3] Yesayan would be reunited with her family in France in 1919 after the war.[3] After WWI, she went back to Cilicia with her children to help Armenian refugees and orphans.[3] Move to Soviet Armenia Yesayan visited Soviet Armenia in 1926 and shortly thereafter published her impressions in Prometheus Unchained (Պրոմէթէոս ազատագրուած, Marseilles, 1928). In 1933 she decided to settle permanently in Soviet Armenia with her children, and in 1934 she took part in the first Soviet Writers' Union congress in Moscow.[9] She taught French and Armenian literature at Yerevan State University and continued to write prolifically. During the Great Purge, implemented by Stalin, Yesayan was accused of "nationalism," abruptly arrested in 1937, and was exiled to prisons spanning from Yerevan to Baku.[9][10] She died in unknown circumstances. There is speculation that she was drowned and died in exile, possibly in Siberia, sometime in 1943.[7] Both the Soviet Concise Literary Encyclopedia (1964) and the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1972) state Yerevan as the place and 1943 the date of her death. Early Literary career In late-nineteenth-century Constantinople, women including Srpuhi Dussap and Gayaneh Matakian hosted Armenian intellectual salons to provide a space for people to discuss ideas, literature, and politics.[5] Salons also allowed women to interact with men without being labeled as improper women.[5] Yesayan often visited the salon ran by Gayaneh Matakian.[5] There, Yesayan met other writers and activists such as Sibyl and Arshak Chobanian, her first publisher. Yesayan published her first prose poem ("Ode to the Night")[1] which appeared in Chobanian's periodical Tsaghik (Flower) in 1895. Yesayan's first novel Sbasman Srahin Mech (In the Waiting Room, 1903) also appeared in serial form in Tsaghik.[10] The book discussed women's immigration and poverty in France.[5] In 1903, the word Feminism first appeared in Armenian in Yesayan's publication on the Women's section in Tsaghik.[11] She went on to publish short stories, literary essays, articles, and translations in both French and Armenian in periodicals such as Mercure de France, L'Humanité, Massis, Anahit, and Arevelian Mamoul (Eastern Press),Ecrit pour l'Art, La Grande France and in the Armenian Magazines Tzolk (Light), Mer Ugin (Our Way) and Arşav (Race).[12] Zabel Yesayan with her son Political activism Yesayan used her writing and voice to expose wartime atrocities and to champion Armenian sovereignty and women's rights. One of her lesser known works, Krakedi Më Hishadagner (Memories of a Writer, 1915) written in Bulgaria, portrays Ottoman Turkish executions of prominent Armenians on April 24, 1915.[13] Due to the danger that came with publishing the piece, Yesayan used the male pen-name Viken to hide her identity.[13] In 1918 Yesayan was in the Middle East organizing the relocation of refugees and orphans. This period of her life led to the novels The Last Cup (Վերջին բաժակը), and My Soul in Exile (Հոգիս աքսորեալ, 1919; translated into English by G.M. Goshgarian in 2014),[14] where she exposes the many injustices she witnessed. After the Armenian Genocide, the Armenian National Delegation went to the Paris Peace Conference to make a case for Armenian sovereignty. Yesayan was elected to be a part of the Armenian National Delegation.[15] In 1919 Yesayan gave a talk in French "The Role of the Armenian Woman during the War” (Հայ Կնոջ Դերը Պատերազմի Միջոցին), to show the peace delegates the devastation of the genocide as well as how Armenian women took up arms to protect themselves.[15] During the Paris Peace Conference, Yesayan also met with the Inter-Allied Women's Conference to speak about the atrocities Armenian women faced as a result of the genocide.[16] The Inter-Allied Women's Conference brought up Yesayan's testimony to the delegation as further evidence for the need for international women's rights.[16] Yesayan also spoke out for Armenian women, challenging traditional gender roles and social expectations such as education and labor. In the publications When They are No Longer in Love and The Last Cup (1917), Yesayan uses her works of fiction to discuss women's oppression.[17] Yesayan, like other female activists, advocated for Armenian women to be a part of the public sphere.[18] Later works While visiting Soviet Armenia, Yesayan portrayed the social and political conditions in the novel Retreating Forces (Նահանջող ուժեր, 1923). Shortly thereafter, Yesayan published her impressions in Prometheus Unchained (Պրոմէթէոս ազատագրուած, Marseilles, 1928). After settling in Armenian with her children, she published a novella Shirt of Fire (Կրակէ շապիկ, Yerevan, 1934; translated into Russian in 1936) and her autobiographical book The Gardens of Silihdar (Սիլիհտարի պարտէզները, Yerevan, 1935; translated into English by Jennifer Manoukian in 2014).[19] Recognition Lara Aharonian, founder of the Women's Resource Center of Armenia, and Talin Suciyan, Yerevan correspondent for the Turkish Armenian newspaper Agos directed a documentary film about her titled Finding Zabel Yesayan. It was released in collaboration with Utopiana and premiered on March 7, 2009.[20] In her MA thesis titled Censorship, otherness and feminism: the silenced figure of Zabel Yesayan (2013), Vardush Hovsepyan Vardanyan aims to revive the figure of Yesayan, one of the Armenian writers and activists whose name had been forgotten. A street in Paris was renamed after Yesayan on March 8, 2018, during International Women's Day.[21] In a 2019 interview, Turkish writer Elif Shafak described Zabel Yesayan's In the Ruins as her "favorite book no one else has heard of." Shafak described it as a "heart-rending cry, an important chronicle. A very important read."[22] In 2022 a life-size monument dedicated to Zabel Yesayan was unveiled in the village of Proshyan, Kotayk Province of the Republic of Armenia, in the area of Zapel Esayan Agribusiness Center.[23][24] Posthumous publications The Zabel Essayan Alleyway in Paris, France, inaugurated on 8 March 2018, on the occasion of International Women's Day.[25] According to the Armenian International Women's Association (AIWA), several of Yesayan's works were published in the literary journal Pangaryus as part of AIWA's series Treasury of Armenian Women's Literature. The materials were selected from the three volumes of Yesayan's work translated into English. The works published included My Home, an excerpt taken from Yesayan's memoir titled The Gardens of Silihdar; Yesayan's eyewitness account of the Adana massacre of 1909, titled In the Ruins; and a mystery story called The Man, which had previously been published in a collection called My Soul in Exile and Other Writings.[26] In 2023 Gomidas Institute published Zabel Yessayan's "On the Threshold. Key Texts on Armenians and Turks as Ottoman Subjects".[27] List of works The Waiting Room (1903) The Obedients and the Rebels (1906) Phony Geniuses (1909) In the Ruins: The 1909 Massacres of Armenians in Adana, Turkey (1911) Enough! (1912-1913) Memories of a Writer (1915) The Agony of a People (1917) The Last Cup (1917) Murad's Journey from Sivas to Batum (1920)[28] Le Role de la Femme Armenienne pendant la Guerre (The role of Armenian Women during the war) (1922) My Soul in Exile (1922) Retreating Forces (1923) Prometheus Unchained (1928) Meliha Nuri Hanim (1928) Shirt of Flame (1934) The Gardens of Silihdar (1935) Uncle Khachik (1936)[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabel_Yesayanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabel_Yesayan