Eastern Armenian 101

[nairi]

Let's learn Eastern Armenian online Feel free to contribute!

 

Lesson 1: The Alphabet

 

Left is Upper-Case, right is lower-case:

 

Ա ա - a in Armenia

 

Բ բ - b in boat

 

Գ գ - g in goat

 

Դ դ - d in dot

 

Ե ե - ye in yellow at the beginning of a word; e in pet in the middle or end of a word (more to come later on this letter)

 

Զ զ - z in zinc

 

Է է - e in pet

 

Ը ը - a in about or e and a in permanent

 

Թ թ - t in tent

 

Ժ ժ - j in French jour

 

Ի ի - ee in fee

 

Լ լ - l in life

 

Խ խ - ch in German ach

 

Ծ ծ - ts like in tents but unaspirated

 

Կ կ - k like in kitten but unaspirated

 

Հ հ - h in help

 

Ձ ձ - ds in hands

 

Ղ ղ - r in French rue

 

Ճ ճ - ch in chat but unaspirated

 

Մ մ - m in more

 

Յյ - y in yearn

 

Ն ն - n in name

 

Շ շ - sh in shout

 

Ո ո - vo in volt

 

Չ չ - ch in chat

 

Պ պ - p in pet but unaspirated

 

Ջ ջ - j in junk

 

Ռ ռ - r in Spanish rodeo

 

Ս ս - s in soap

 

Վ վ - v in vote

 

Տ տ - t in tent but unaspirated

 

Ր ր - r in red

 

ՈՒ ու - oo in moo

 

Փ փ - p in pet

 

Ք ք - k in kiss

 

Եվ և - yev

 

Օ օ - o in Italian uno

 

Ֆ ֆ - f in fair

 

Once you know the sounds of the alphabet, you can also recite it. Like in Greek, Armenian too has "names" for every letter: like alpha, beta, gamma, etc. The Eastern Armenian version goes something like this:

 

Այբ     Ժե      Ճե       Ռա       Եվ
Բեն    Ինի     Մեն     Սե        Օ
Գիմ    Լյուն   Հի       Վեվ       Ֆե
Դա     Խե     Նու      Տյուն
Եչ      Ծա     Շա      Րե
Զա     Կեն    Վո       Ցո
է        Հո      Չա      Ու
Ըթ      Ձա     Պե      Փյուր
Թո     Ղատ   Ջե      Քե

 

You will have noticed that the alphabet is written in columns from left to right. However, this is just a convenient way for Armenians to write the alphabet. Armenian itself is written from left to right, like Latin. In the following lessons more will be said about this.

Edited November 25, 2004 by nairi

[Armen]

Nairi, there is also one alphabet that goes: Ararich, Bovandak, Goyutyun etc. I've seen it somewhere on the web but couldn't find it.

[nairi]

I've seen it somewhere on the web but couldn't find it.

style_images/master/snapback.png

 

Apsos Eshutyun

[Armen]

Why Eshutyun Nairi?

[Arpa]

Nairi, there is also one alphabet that goes: Ararich, Bovandak, Goyutyun etc. I've seen it somewhere on the web but couldn't find it.

style_images/master/snapback.png

 

Good subject Nairi.

You know there will be some minor adjustments. :)

And please fix the font.

 

I seem to remember having seen it too.

In the interim Shnorhali's Aravot Luso may be a good sunstitute.

Does anyone have access to it? I can type it but it will take me forever.

 

Here is an interesting variant. Alphabet in reverse.

 

Qe-en minchev Ayb

 

By Azaria Jughayetsi (1534-1601)

 

(Catholicos at Sis, 1584) Or is this the other tomaraget (calendrist) Azaria Jughayetsi the composer of the Armenian calendar?

 

ø¿¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ Ç Û³ÛµÝ ûñÑݳµ³ÝáõÃÇõÝ ...

 

ø¿¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ Ç Û³ÛµÝ ûñÑݳµ³ÝáõÃÇõÝ,

ö³éù »õ å³ïÇõ Û³õ¿ï »ñÏñå³·áõÃÇõÝ,

ÆÇõë»³É ëáõñµ Ññ³ß³ÉÇ æáõÕ³ÛáÛ ì³ÝÇó,

ò³ÝϳÉÇ Ññ»ßï³Ï³ó »õ ë»ñáíµ¿Çó:

 

ð»Ý³Ï å×Ý»³É ½³ñ¹Çõù ѳëï»ó³õ íÇÙÇ,

îáõÝ »õ ï³×³ñ ßÇÝ»³É ³ÝÙ³Ñ ³ñù³ÛÇÝ,

ì³Ýù ¿ Ñéã³Ï³õáñ µ³ñÓñ³õ³Ý¹³ÏÇ,

êáëϳÉÇ ï»ëáÕ³óÝ »õ ÑdzݳÉÇ:

 

è³Ñ »ñϳñ ·Ý³ó»³É, ½³ï»³É Ç ·»Õç¿Ý,

æ³Ñ, ³ÏÝ ¿ Éáõë³÷³ÛÉ ³ÝßÇç³Ý»ÉÇ,

ä³ïáõ»ÉÇ Ññ»ÕÇݳó »õ ÑáÕ»ÕÇÝÇ,

âáñ¿ùÏáÕÙ Û³ß˳ñÑÇë å³ñͳÝù ѳٳÛÝÇ:

 

à°í ³Ù»ÝûñÑÝ»³É ëáõñµ ²ëïáõ³Í³ÍÝÇ,

Þ³é³õÇÕ Éáõë³½³ñ¹ ²Ù»Ý³÷ñÏãÇÝ,

Üáñ ¹ñ³Ëï »¹»Ù³Ï³Ý ïÝÏ»³É Ç Û»ñÏñÇ,

Úáñ¹³é³ï ³ÕµÇõñ ³Ýѳï³Ý»ÉÇ:

 

سÝÏáõÝù Ýáñ êÇáÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ññ»ßï³ÏÇ,

Öñ³·áõÝù ÙÇßï å³ïñ³ëï, Ùß³Ï å³ÝͳÉÇ,

ÔûÕ»³Éù Ç ¹ÅáËáó, ½³ï»³Éù Ç Û»ñÏñ¿,

Ò³ÛÝÇõ ûñÑݳµ³ÝáÕù ÙÇßï »ñ· ë³ÕÙáëÇ:

 

Ðáíáõ³å»ïÇÝ Ù»ÍÇ Éáõ³ñáõù µ³ÝÇÝ,

γï³ñáÕù Ññ³Ù³Ý³ó ³ÝÙ³Ñ ÷»ë³ÛÇÝ,

̳é³Û»É Ññ³Ù³Û»³ó î¿ñÝ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇ,

Ê³Õ³Õ ÃáÕ ÏÇÝ, ½áñ¹Ç »õ ½ë¿ñ ³ß˳ñÑÇ:

 

Èáõñ, ³ë¿, ³é ½Ë³ãÝ »õ »Ï ½ÏÝÇ,

Æ ½³ï³Ý³É ã³ñ¿³ó, Ï³É Û³Ý³å³ïÇ:

ij٠»õ å³ï³ñ³· ëáõñµ Ù³ïáõó³Ý¿ù,

ÂáÕáõÃÇõÝ Ñ³Ûó»ó¿ù Ù»½ Ù»Õ³õáñÇ:

 

ÀÝϳÉó¿ ½³Õ³ã³Ýë Ù»ñ ³Ý³ñųÝÇó,

¾ñ³Ý»ÉÇ ËáëïÙ³Ýó ³éÝ¿ ³ñųÝÇ:

¼³ñù³ÛáõÃÇõÝ ßÝáñÑ»³ Ù»ñ ÝÝç»ó»Éáó

ºõ ïáõñ Éë»É µ³ñµ³é ù³Õóñ »õ Ñ»ßï³ÉÇ:

 

¸³éÝ ¹ÅáËáó ³½³ï»³, öñÏÇã,

¶³µñÇ¿É»³Ý ÷áÕáõÝ ³ñ³ ³ñųÝÇ:

´³ñ»Ëû뻳 ³é î¿ñ, ëáõñµ ²ëïáõ³Í³ÍÇÝ,

²ñÅ³Ý ³éÝ»É ½Ù»½ ï»ëáõû³Ý ¹ñ³ËïÇÝ:

 

²½³ñdz »ÕáõÏ, µÝ³Ï»³É Ç ·»ÕçÇ,

²Õï»Õ³ó³Û Ù»Õûù Éó»³É ³ß˳ñÑÇ,

Ú»ñ»ë ³ÝÏ»³É ·»ïÇÝ ëáõñµ ²ëïáõ³Í³ÍÝÇ

ºõ ëáõñµ Ïñûݳõáñ³ó ¹áõéÝ ëáõñµ áõËïÇÝ:

[Arpa]

By Azaria Jughayetsi (1534-1601)

 

(Catholicos at Sis, 1584) Or is this the other tomaraget (calendrist) Azaria Jughayetsi the composer of the Armenian calendar?

 

No!

Wait!

Here is another Azaria Jughayetsi, the poet/odist/taghergu. Even if some may suggest that he is the one and the same Azaria the Catholicos** as many of his odes are spiritual in nature, others argue, proably based on his best known "Tagh Vasn Ginvo../Ode to Wine". ***

 

** Dates of birth and death unknown just as in the case of Azaria the calendrist.

*** To be posted under separate cover in the Poetry section

[ExtraHye]

Good subject Nairi.

You know there will be some minor adjustments.  :)

And please fix the font.

 

I seem to remember having seen it too.

In the interim Shnorhali's Aravot Luso may be a good sunstitute.

Does anyone have access to it? I can type it but it will take me forever.

 

Here is an interesting variant. Alphabet in reverse.

 

Qe-en minchev Ayb

 

By Azaria Jughayetsi (1534-1601)

 

(Catholicos at Sis, 1584) Or is this the other tomaraget (calendrist) Azaria Jughayetsi the composer of the Armenian calendar?

 

ø¿¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ Ç Û³ÛµÝ ûñÑݳµ³ÝáõÃÇõÝ ...

 

ø¿¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ Ç Û³ÛµÝ ûñÑݳµ³ÝáõÃÇõÝ,

ö³éù »õ å³ïÇõ Û³õ¿ï »ñÏñå³·áõÃÇõÝ,

ÆÇõë»³É ëáõñµ Ññ³ß³ÉÇ æáõÕ³ÛáÛ ì³ÝÇó,

ò³ÝϳÉÇ Ññ»ßï³Ï³ó »õ ë»ñáíµ¿Çó:

 

ð»Ý³Ï å×Ý»³É ½³ñ¹Çõù ѳëï»ó³õ íÇÙÇ,

îáõÝ »õ ï³×³ñ ßÇÝ»³É ³ÝÙ³Ñ ³ñù³ÛÇÝ,

ì³Ýù ¿ Ñéã³Ï³õáñ µ³ñÓñ³õ³Ý¹³ÏÇ,

êáëϳÉÇ ï»ëáÕ³óÝ »õ ÑdzݳÉÇ:

 

è³Ñ »ñϳñ ·Ý³ó»³É, ½³ï»³É Ç ·»Õç¿Ý,

æ³Ñ, ³ÏÝ ¿ Éáõë³÷³ÛÉ ³ÝßÇç³Ý»ÉÇ,

ä³ïáõ»ÉÇ Ññ»ÕÇݳó »õ ÑáÕ»ÕÇÝÇ,

âáñ¿ùÏáÕÙ Û³ß˳ñÑÇë å³ñͳÝù ѳٳÛÝÇ:

 

à°í ³Ù»ÝûñÑÝ»³É ëáõñµ ²ëïáõ³Í³ÍÝÇ,

Þ³é³õÇÕ Éáõë³½³ñ¹ ²Ù»Ý³÷ñÏãÇÝ,

Üáñ ¹ñ³Ëï »¹»Ù³Ï³Ý ïÝÏ»³É Ç Û»ñÏñÇ,

Úáñ¹³é³ï ³ÕµÇõñ ³Ýѳï³Ý»ÉÇ:

 

سÝÏáõÝù Ýáñ êÇáÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ññ»ßï³ÏÇ,

Öñ³·áõÝù ÙÇßï å³ïñ³ëï, Ùß³Ï å³ÝͳÉÇ,

ÔûÕ»³Éù Ç ¹ÅáËáó, ½³ï»³Éù Ç Û»ñÏñ¿,

Ò³ÛÝÇõ ûñÑݳµ³ÝáÕù ÙÇßï »ñ· ë³ÕÙáëÇ:

 

Ðáíáõ³å»ïÇÝ Ù»ÍÇ Éáõ³ñáõù µ³ÝÇÝ,

γï³ñáÕù Ññ³Ù³Ý³ó ³ÝÙ³Ñ ÷»ë³ÛÇÝ,

̳é³Û»É Ññ³Ù³Û»³ó î¿ñÝ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇ,

Ê³Õ³Õ ÃáÕ ÏÇÝ, ½áñ¹Ç »õ ½ë¿ñ ³ß˳ñÑÇ:

 

Èáõñ, ³ë¿, ³é ½Ë³ãÝ »õ »Ï ½ÏÝÇ,

Æ ½³ï³Ý³É ã³ñ¿³ó, Ï³É Û³Ý³å³ïÇ:

ij٠»õ å³ï³ñ³· ëáõñµ Ù³ïáõó³Ý¿ù,

ÂáÕáõÃÇõÝ Ñ³Ûó»ó¿ù Ù»½ Ù»Õ³õáñÇ:

 

ÀÝϳÉó¿ ½³Õ³ã³Ýë Ù»ñ ³Ý³ñųÝÇó,

¾ñ³Ý»ÉÇ ËáëïÙ³Ýó ³éÝ¿ ³ñųÝÇ:

¼³ñù³ÛáõÃÇõÝ ßÝáñÑ»³ Ù»ñ ÝÝç»ó»Éáó

ºõ ïáõñ Éë»É µ³ñµ³é ù³Õóñ »õ Ñ»ßï³ÉÇ:

 

¸³éÝ ¹ÅáËáó ³½³ï»³, öñÏÇã,

¶³µñÇ¿É»³Ý ÷áÕáõÝ ³ñ³ ³ñųÝÇ:

´³ñ»Ëû뻳 ³é î¿ñ, ëáõñµ ²ëïáõ³Í³ÍÇÝ,

²ñÅ³Ý ³éÝ»É ½Ù»½ ï»ëáõû³Ý ¹ñ³ËïÇÝ:

 

²½³ñdz »ÕáõÏ, µÝ³Ï»³É Ç ·»ÕçÇ,

²Õï»Õ³ó³Û Ù»Õûù Éó»³É ³ß˳ñÑÇ,

Ú»ñ»ë ³ÝÏ»³É ·»ïÇÝ ëáõñµ ²ëïáõ³Í³ÍÝÇ

ºõ ëáõñµ Ïñûݳõáñ³ó ¹áõéÝ ëáõñµ áõËïÇÝ:

style_images/master/snapback.png

Here you go...

 

Քէէն մինչեւ ի յայբն օրհնաբանութիւն ...

 

Քէէն մինչեւ ի յայբն օրհնաբանութիւն,

Փառք եւ պատիւ յաւէտ երկրպագութիւն,

Իիւսեալ սուրբ հրաշալի Ջուղայոյ Վանից,

Ցանկալի հրեշտակաց եւ սերովբէից:

 

Րենակ պճնեալ զարդիւք հաստեցաւ վիմի,

Տուն եւ տաճար շինեալ անմահ արքային,

Վանք է հռչակաւոր բարձրաւանդակի,

Սոսկալի տեսողացն եւ հիանալի:

 

Ռահ երկար գնացեալ, զատեալ ի գեղջէն,

Ջահ, ակն է լուսափայլ անշիջանելի,

Պատուելի հրեղինաց եւ հողեղինի,

Չորէքկողմ յաշխարհիս պարծանք համայնի:

 

Ո՛վ ամենօրհնեալ սուրբ Աստուածածնի,

Շառաւիղ լուսազարդ Ամենափրկչին,

Նոր դրախտ եդեմական տնկեալ ի յերկրի,

Յորդառատ աղբիւր անհատանելի:

 

Մանկունք նոր Սիոնի նման հրեշտակի,

Ճրագունք միշտ պատրաստ, մշակ պանծալի,

Ղօղեալք ի դժոխոց, զատեալք ի յերկրէ,

Ձայնիւ օրհնաբանողք միշտ երգ սաղմոսի:

 

Հովուապետին մեծի լուարուք բանին,

Կատարողք հրամանաց անմահ փեսային,

Ծառայել հրամայեաց Տէրն ամենայնի,

Խաղաղ թող կին, զորդի եւ զսէր աշխարհի:

 

Լուր, ասէ, առ զխաչն եւ եկ զկնի,

Ի զատանալ չարէաց, կալ յանապատի:

Ժամ եւ պատարագ սուրբ մատուցանէք,

Թողութիւն հայցեցէք մեզ մեղաւորի:

 

Ընկալցէ զաղաչանս մեր անարժանից,

Էրանելի խոստմանց առնէ արժանի:

Զարքայութիւն շնորհեա մեր ննջեցելոց

Եւ տուր լսել բարբառ քաղցր եւ հեշտալի:

 

Դառն դժոխոց ազատեա, Փրկիչ,

Գաբրիէլեան փողուն արա արժանի:

Բարեխօսեա առ Տէր, սուրբ Աստուածածին,

Արժան առնել զմեզ տեսութեան դրախտին:

 

Ազարիա եղուկ, բնակեալ ի գեղջի,

Աղտեղացայ մեղօք լցեալ աշխարհի,

Յերես անկեալ գետին սուրբ Աստուածածնի

Եւ սուրբ կրօնաւորաց դուռն սուրբ ուխտին:

[nairi]

Nice one Arpa! And thanks Extra I think this poem is for advanced students though... Maybe in Lesson 101

[Arpa]

Nairi;

Once you know the sounds of the alphabet, you can also recite it. Like in Greek, Armenian too has "names" for every letter: like alpha, beta, gamma, etc. The Eastern Armenian version goes something like this:

 

Please fix fonts as necessary.

 

See about naming of the letters here;

 

http://www.iatp.am/ara/sites/babayan/

 

Posted by Edward, thank you, here;

 

http://hyeforum.com/index.php?showtopic=10...=0entry116991

 

ÀݹáõÝí³Í ¿ ѳٳñ»É, áñ ³Ûµáõµ»ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³é»ñÇ ³Ýí³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ ·³ÉÇë »Ý öÛáõÝÇÏÛ³ÝÇó: ÐáõÛÝ»ñÁ` ÷á˳éÝ»Éáí ³Ûµáõµ»ÝÁ, ÷ÛáõÝÇϳóÇÝ»ñÇó í»ñóñ»É »Ý ݳ»õ ï³é»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ »õ` Ó»õ³÷áË»Éáí ¹ñ³Ýù, ¹³ñÓñ»É »ñÏí³ÝϳÝÇ: ²Û¹ ųٳݳÏÇó Ç í»ñ ³Ûµáõµ»ÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»ÉÇë ÁݹáõÝí³Í ¿ »Õ»É ï³é»ñÇÝ ï³É ݳ»õ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù û·ÝáõÙ »Ý ³Ûµáõµ»ÝÇ Ï³ñ·Á ÑÇß»ÉáõÝ:

 

Unicode:

 

Ընդունված է համարել, որ այբուբենների տառերի անվանումները գալիս են Փյունիկյանից: Հույները` փոխառնելով այբուբենը, փյունիկացիներից վերցրել են նաեւ տառերի անունները եւ` ձեւափոխելով դրանք, դարձրել երկվանկանի: Այդ ժամանակից ի վեր այբուբեններ ստեղծելիս ընդունված է եղել տառերին տալ նաեւ անուններ, որոնք օգնում են այբուբենի կարգը հիշելուն:

 

It is taken as a given (can I say that? ) that naming of the letters is based on the Phoenician. The greeks have also borrowed it from the Phoenician, and amending them somewhat, have changed them from monosyllabic to bi- and ..multisyllabic. Since then naming them has been a part of the creation of the letters to help remember the sequence.

 

سßïáóÁ, ³Ûµáõµ»ÝÁ ëï»ÕÍ»ÉÇë, ÝáõÛÝå»ë ѳßíÇ ¿ ³é»É ³Ûë ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÁ: гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ï³é»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳ µ³Å³Ý»É ¿ ÑÇÝ· ËÙµ»ñÇ: ²Ûë ѳñóÇÝ ¿É ¿ ݳ ëï»Õͳ·áñͳµ³ñ Ù³ï»ó»É, ï³é»ñÇÝ ï³Éáí å³ñ½ »õ ɳÏáÝÇÏ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ: ºÃ» ï³é»ñÁ ³Ûµáõµ»ÝÇ Ù»ç ¹³ë³íáñ»ÉÇë سßïáóÁ Ñ»ï»õ»É ¿ ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·ÇÝ, ³å³ ³Ûë ѳñóÁ ݳ ÉáõÍ»É ¿ ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå: ÐáõÝ³Ï³Ý ï³é»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ »ñÏí³ÝϳÝÇ »Ý, ÇëÏ Ø³ßïáóÁ áñáß»ó Çñ ëï»ÕÍ³Í ï³é»ñÇÝ ï³É ϳñ×, Ùdzí³ÝÏ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ (µ³ó³éáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ϳ½ÙáõÙ "Ç" ï³éÇ "ÇÝÇ" ³ÝáõÝÁ, áñÇ å³ï׳éÁ ϵ³ó³ïñ»Ýù):

 

Unicode:

 

Մաշտոցը, այբուբենը ստեղծելիս, նույնպես հաշվի է առել այս հանգամանքը: Հայկական տառերի անունների մեծամասնությունը նա բաժանել է հինգ խմբերի: Այս հարցին էլ է նա ստեղծագործաբար մատեցել, տառերին տալով պարզ եւ լակոնիկ անուններ: Եթե տառերը այբուբենի մեջ դասավորելիս Մաշտոցը հետեւել է հունական կարգին, ապա այս հարցը նա լուծել է այլ կերպ: Հունական տառերի անունները հիմնականում երկվանկանի են, իսկ Մաշտոցը որոշեց իր ստեղծած տառերին տալ կարճ, միավանկ անուններ (բացառություն է կազմում \"ի\" տառի \"ինի\" անունը, որի պատճառը կբացատրենք):

 

 

Mashtots, in his creation has also taken this into consideration. He has categorized them into 5 groups. However, even if he has followed the Greek sequence (he has gone a step further) and assigned shorter and more laconic (monosylabic)names. An exception is the letter "I/ini". We shall see why.

 

´³Ûó ÇÝãå»±ë: ØÇÝã»õ ³ÛÅÙ áã áù ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ³ó»É å³ï³ëË³Ý»É ³Û¹ ѳñóÇÝ: ÀÝûñóáÕÝ»ñÇ ¹³ïÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝíáÕ ï³é³Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÁ û·Ý»ó ÉáõÍ»É Ý³»õ ³Û¹ ѳñóÁ:

ì»ñÉáõÍ»Éáí ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ï³é»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ð. ²×³éÛ³ÝÁ ¹ñ³Ýó áñáß Ù³ëÁ Ýٳݻóñ»É ¿ ÑáõݳϳÝÇÝ »õ ë»ÙÇóϳÝÇÝ: ²ÛÝáõÑ»ï»õ ݳ ËÙµ³íáñ»É ¿ ï³é»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ï»õÛ³É Ï»ñå.

 

Unicode:

 

Բայց ինչպե՞ս: Մինչեւ այժմ ոչ ոք չի կարողացել պատասխանել այդ հարցին: Ընթերցողների դատին հանձնվող տառակառուցման սկզբունքը օգնեց լուծել նաեւ այդ հարցը:

Վերլուծելով հայկական տառերի անունները, Հ. Աճառյանը դրանց որոշ մասը նմանեցրել է հունականին եւ սեմիթականին: Այնուհետեւ նա խմբավորել է տառերի մեծամասնությունը հետեւյալ կերպ.

 

Edit: added unicode font - nairi

 

Արփա ջան, երբևէ փորձե՞լ ես այս տառերը ինստալ անես.

 

http://www.armunicode.org/en/

Edited October 26, 2004 by nairi

[Harut]

i know we are getting diverted from arm101, but here....

 

Արարիչ

Բովանդակ

Գոյության

Դատավոր

Երկնային

Զորավոր

Էություն

Ըստ հուն

Թագավոր`

Ժամանակի

Իրերի

Լույսի

Խավարի

Ծովի

Կենդանիների

Համայնի

Ձայն

Ղողանջող

Ճեմարան

Մտաց

Յիսուս

Նազովրեցի

Շնորհ

Ոգեշունչ

Չարին

Պատժող

Ջանասեր

Ռաբբի

Սրբոց

Վկա

Տեր

Մեր

Ցանկալի

ՈՒ

Փառքի

Քրիստոս:

[Armen]

Thanks Harut

[nairi]

Thanks Harut! I think it's interesting! Maybe we could dedicate different threads to different topics. I think this topic is interesting for beginners, intermediate and advanced "students" of Armenian. We can make the next lesson in the same way. Starting with beginners and moving on to more advanced issues concerning the same topic. My initial idea was to put all the lessons in one thread and move up the level per lesson, but that didn't seem to work. I like this way too. I might change the title to "Modern Eastern Armenian 101: Lesson 1: The Alphabet"

[Arpa]

QUOTE(Arpa

Unicode:

 

Ընդունված%20է%20Edit:%20added%20unicode%20font%20-%20nairi

 

Արփա%20ջան%20@%20%20երբևէ%20փորձե՞լ%20ես%20այս%20տառերը%20ինստալ%20անես.

 

%5burl=http://www.armunicode.org/en/)

%5burl=http://www.armunicode.org/en/" target="_blank">http://www.armunicode.org/en/[/url]

style_images/master/snapback.png

 

Thank you Nairi for acting as my personal secretary.

Ayo pordzel em ayd tarer@ install @nel, but my (ancient)system, Win98 does not support it. My regional settings has everything from Afrikaans to Turkish but no Armenian. I can get as far as being able to read the Unicode but no option to write unless our crackerjack super duper geeks know a sneaky way to get around it. I am shopping for a new machine except that in so doing I will lose your services. :)

 

Also, please forgive me(us) for derailing your original intent.

Please resume with your initial program.

[Ludwig9]

Thank you Nairi for acting as my personal secretary.

Ayo pordzel em ayd tarer@ install @nel, but my (ancient)system, Win98 does not support it. My regional settings has everything from Afrikaans to Turkish but no Armenian. I can get as far as being able to read the Unicode but no option to write unless our crackerjack super duper geeks know a sneaky way to get around it. I am shopping for a new machine except that in so doing I will lose your services.  :)

 

Also, please forgive me(us) for derailing your original intent.

Please resume with your initial program.

style_images/master/snapback.png

 

 

Hey Arpa,

 

Try the microsoft website, it should have the additional fonts for the operating sys. I use windows 2000, and I had to manually install the Armenian fonts from the CD for the system, beside that it works fine. The microsoft system also has 2 keyboard layouts, for eastern and western Armenian. Did you try downloading the true type fonts for your system to see if that would work? If you need some stuff let me know, I don't want to get off the topic.

Edited October 27, 2004 by Ludwig9

[nairi]

Lesson 2: The Verb "To Be"

 

As in most languages in the world, in Armenian too, the verb "to be" is the most used one. It is therefore crucial to know how this verb works.

 

I'll start with the present and past tense and in follow-up lessons give the rest of the tenses.

 

But first, the pronouns in nominative case (I'll get back to cases in follow-up lessons):

 

ես - I

դու - you (singular)

նա - he/she/it

մենք - we

դուք - you (plural and polite)

նրանք - they

 

As you noticed, Armenian does not distinguish between gender in the third person singular (նա). We can only tell through the context which gender is referred to, and even this can be tricky sometimes. Usually, however, this doesn't pose a problem.

 

Now to the verb "to be", or in Armenian: ԼԻՆԵԼ

 

Like in English, լինել is an irregular verb, and thus the conjugation looks nothing like the original word:

 

In the present simple tense:

 

ես եմ - I am

դու ես - you are

նա է - he/she/it is

մենք ենք - we are

դուք եք - you are

նարնք են - they are

 

Here's a note on pronunciation. Earlier I said that we would get back to the pronunciation of ե. Well here it is:

 

In the pronoun ես, we pronounce it as ye, as in yes. However, in the verb եմ, ես, ենք, եք, են, we pronounce is as e, like em, es, enq, eq, en. This is really an exception to the rule, as you'll find that most other words that begin in ե are pronounced as ye. Just keep this exception in mind.

 

Also note that the third person singular (նա) is the only one beginning with է. Keep this in mind too since we'll need it for the past simple tense:

 

ես էի - I was

դու էիր - you were

նա էր - he/she/it was

մենք էինք - we were

դուք էիք - you were

նրանք էին - they were

 

In the past tense the է is used for all pronouns and they are all pronounced as e. No difficulties here.

 

What is interesting, however, is that like most, if not all, case languages, Armenian too does not need to pronounce its pronouns, especially in speech. As such you can say եմ, and we know that you mean "I am". In writing, however, you'll find that pronouns are more common, so it is always good to know them anyway. Pronouns can also be used for emphasis, e.g. "You are" (դու ես).

Edited November 25, 2004 by nairi

[nairi]

Lesson 3: Present and Past Continuous and Simple

 

In the last lesson we concentrated on the verb լինել and said that this was an essential verb in Armenian. We will now look at how other verbs are conjugated in the present and past.

 

I. PRESENT TENSE

 

A. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

 

Like in the present continuous in English, Armenian too needs the verb "to be" as an auxiliary (or helping verb). An example sentence of this in English is:

 

I am working.

 

am = the verb (or auxiliary) "to be"

working = the verb "to work" + -ing (also called the participle)

 

The same principle applies to Armenian. We have the verb "to be" and a "participle" (like "working"):

 

ես գործում եմ.

 

Let's take a closer look at this.

 

First of all, we need to understand how the participle is formed in Armenian. Notice the -ում ending in գործում? This is the key to participle formation in Armenian.

 

Infinitive verbs in Armenian either end in -ել or -ալ, like

 

քայլել (to walk)

բերել (to bring)

սովորել (to learn)

սիրել (to love)

տեսնել (to see)

անել (to do)

ասել (to say)

տանել (to take)

հիշել (to remember)

գործել (to work)

 

կարդալ (to read)

լողանալ (to swim)

մոռանալ (to forget)

իմանալ (to know)

հասկանալ (to understand)

կարողանալ (to be able to do/can)

ծիծաղալ (to laugh)

 

In order to make the participle, all you need to do is remove the -ել or -ալ and replace it with -ում. Like this:

 

քայլել -> քայլ -> քայլ-ում -> քայլում

 

բերել –> բեր -> բեր-ում -> բերում

 

կարդալ -> կարդ -> կարդ-ում -> կարդում

 

լողանալ -> լողան -> լողան-ում -> լողանում

 

That's as far as the participle goes. We will, however, see in follow-up lessonս that there are a few exceptions to the rule, but you don't need to worry about them now. The general rule is: remove -ել or -ալ and replace with -ում.

 

The next step is to use these participles with the auxiliary 'to be".

 

Unlike English, in Armenian the auxiliary comeս after the participle, so we get:

 

I bringing am.

 

Ես բերում եմ:

 

All you need to do to conjugate verbs in Armenian in the present tense is use the participle and add the auxiliary "to be" in the present tense at the end:

 

Դու սովորում ես:

Նա սիրում է:

Մենք տեսնում ենք:

Դուք անում եք:

Նրանք ասում են:

 

Ես կարդում եմ:

Դու լողանում ես:

Նա մոռանում է:

Մենք իմանում ենք:

Դուք հասկանում եք:

Նրանք կարողանում են:

 

Thus the participle never changes. Only the auxiliary "to be" changes according to the pronoun.

 

In Lesson 2, we said that in Armenian, especially in speech, you can leave out the pronoun. The same applies here. If you say: Ծիծաղում է, we all know you mean "He is laughing".

 

There is however one more but. You can actually say: Դուք եք անում, but in this case you must use a pronoun. You can't say:

 

* եք անում.

 

(* means that it is grammatically incorrect).

 

But what is the difference in meaning between դուք եք անում and դուք անում եք? Well, like in "to be", it's a matter of emphasis. In the first case you are emphasizing that it is you who are doing. In the second case, you're merely stating that you are doing.

 

 

B. PRESENT SIMPLE

 

So we've seen how the present continuous is formed in Armenian. Very much like English, a participle and its auxiliary "to be" form the present continuous. However, unlike English, the present simple in Armenian is exactly the same as the present continuous! Thus,

 

Ես բերում եմ means

 

1) I am bringing, and

2) I bring

 

This is what makes the present tense in Armenian rather confusing! The verb alone does not specify whether something is taking place now, or whether it's something that takes place regularly. Compare with English:

 

1) I'm working now.

2) I work every day.

 

* I'm working every day.

* I work now.

 

Whereas in English the last two sentences are ungrammatical, they are grammatical in Armenian. The only way in Armenian to know the difference between these two present tenses, is by using an adverbial like "now" or "every day".

 

1) Հիմա գործում եմ. (I am working now; where հիմա = now)

2) Ամեն օր գործում եմ. (I work every day; where ամեն = every, and օր = day)

 

In English, on the other hand, adverbials can be left out and the verb alone will tell you whether the meaning is continuous or simple. If you leave them out in Armenian, as we saw, the meaning becomes ambiguous or confusing. So if you want to make sure that the meaning of your sentence comes across as unambiguous, you must add an adverbial.

 

 

II. PAST TENSE

 

PAST CONTINUOUS

 

The past continuous in Armenian is like the past continuous in English:

 

I was working.

 

Ես գործում էի:

 

All you need to do to conjugate the past continuous tense in Armenian is take the participle with -ում that we use for the present tense and add "to be" in the past tense, like:

 

Ես բերում էի:

Դու կարդում էիր:

Նա սովորում էր:

Մենք անում էինք:

Դուք ասում էիք:

Նրանք մոռանում էին:

 

 

As for the past simple, we'll deal with that in another lesson.

Edited November 25, 2004 by nairi

[vava]

Nairi - did I ever tell you that you're awesome?

[Iran01]

I would appreciate if you could use size 4 for displaying the text. It makes it easier to see the hooks on Armenian alphabet.

( For some reason IE embeded display-size dosent work on non-Latin charachtar ! )

 

And ofcourse if I am not asking too much: transliteration

 

ես - I, yes

դու - you, dnô

նա - he/she/it, na

մենք - we, menk

դուք - you, dnôk

նրանք - they, nrank

 

ես եմ - I am, yes em

դու ես - you are, dnô es

նա է - he/she/it is, na e

մենք ենք - we are, menk enk

դուք եք - you are, dnôk ek

նարնք են - they are, nrank en

 

 

ես էի - I was, yes eê

դու էիր - you were, dnô eêr

նա էր - he/she/it was, na er

մենք էինք - we were, menk eênk

դուք էիք - you were, dnôk eêk

նրանք էին - they were, nrank eên

Edited November 25, 2004 by Iran01

[vava]

I would appreciate if you could use size 4 for displaying the text. It makes it easier to see the hooks on Armenian alphabet.

style_images/master/snapback.png

 

Just reduce your display size - size 4 looks absolutely HUGE to me

 

Actually, I personally don't mind either way.... I'm just lazy and not likely to remember to use a particular size in a thread.

[nairi]

Thanks Vava

 

Iran01, I'll try next time. I'm afraid that if I edit my post now, the font will get lost. Maybe it won't, I don't know. Vava, wanna try? Otherwise do as Vava said, if you can. As for transliteration, okay, but the point is that you learn to do that by yourself But I might for the next few lessons, just to make it easier. Meanwhile one correction in your transliteration:

 

we - menk

 

ե is pronounced as e in the middle of words as I wrote in my first post. Otherwise you got it right (if I made out your spelling correctly - some letters didn't come out right, but I'm assuming it's okay).

 

Oh and է is always pronounced as e, so "na e", not "na ye".

 

Edit: I changed almost everything to size 4.

Edited November 25, 2004 by nairi

[Iran01]

Dear Vava

 

I know for ex size 4 is huge, but is very helpfull for beginners to memorise and recognise each letter and learn the alphabet faster. ( As it is people who know the language associate each word-shape to pronounciation and meaning! By other words an Armenian read նրանք as նրանք ! But a beginner must read it this way : ն ր ա ն ք .

I hope you understand what I am trying to say.)

 

 

 

Dear Nairi

 

Thank you,

 

I will try to make an online transliteration program from Armenian into Latin.

So just by copy/paste, you will get back it transliterated easy way.

(Actually it is not neccesary since Armenian alphabet is totaly phonetic!)

[kakachik77]

Iran,

 

not DNO or DNOK

 

it's DU (YOU) and DUK (YOU plural), pronouce just like in YOU but with a D.

[Iran01]

Kakachik,

thank you.

 

 

it was long time ago to see any activity in this thread.

 

how goes the cardinal numbers in Armenian?

 

btw , find a converter , transliterator:

 

http://www.genocide.ru/translit/convert.html

[vava]

Kakachik,

btw , find a converter , transliterator:

 

http://www.genocide.ru/translit/convert.html

style_images/master/snapback.png

 

Iran Jan,

 

If you haven't noticed, thanks to Harut, (& Garo too) there is already a transliteration tool now built into HF.

 

You can access it either by This link, or whenever you're posting (see image)

Edited February 6, 2005 by vava

[Iran01]

Iran Jan,

 

If you haven't noticed, thanks to Harut, (& Garo too) there is already a transliteration tool now built into HF.

 

Thank you Vava