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Psychology/neurobiology Thread


angel4hope

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Infants Respond To Faces:

Infants come into the world w/a built in predisposition to look at human faces.

In one study of newborns just a few minutes old, the experimenter moved several patterns in front of the child’s eyes-infants turned their heads and looked longer at the pattern when it was of a schematic rather than a scrambled face.

Infants do more than look at faces, they also imitate them- in one study- investigators sat face to face w/infants less than 21days old and made faces at them-stuck out their tongues/opened their mouthsàinfants responded by imitationàhuman babies w/in the first month of life are attuned to/responsive to faces.

Infants have no way of observing their own faces- or even history of looking at the mirror-practicing their facial movementsàinfants are born w/a capacity to translate the facial expressions they see into muscle movements that will produce a comparable expression on their own faces.--also reveals about baby’s ability to Interco ordinate sensory info and motor actions.

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A Shared World:

Infants also seem to recognize rather early that others live in the same world that they do, and can see more or less what they see, hear what they hear…revealed by work on shared attention:

Nine month olds tend to look at the direction of their mother’s gaze--and this capacity soon expands.

In one study: infants between 12 and 18 months old were held in their mother’s laps while the mother looked at a particular toy-children were held w/their heads facing their mothers-so they could not see the target of their mother’s gaze-all the could see was their mother’s eyes--that was enough for them-as soon as mother loosened her hold, infants squirmed around and looked at just the toy mother had looked at a moment before.

Infants also seem to understand the world they observe in terms of other’s goals-not just their actions.

In one study: 6month old infants saw an actor reach for a ball that was sitting just to the left of a teddy bear (the left/right positioning of toys was reversed for half of the infants tested.

The infants watched this event over and over until became bored w/it--at a point position of toys was switched-so now teddy bear was on the left--then infant was shown one of two test events:

In one- actor again reached for the ball-although given switch in position-this was the first time infant had seen a reach toward the right

In another condition- actor again reached for object on the left--although given the switch- this was the first time infant had seen a reach toward the bear.

If in the initial observation the infant was focusing on behavior- reach left- then the reach for the ball test event involves a change-and so will be a surprise.

If however- the infant was focusing on the goal- reach for ball- then it is the-reach for the teddy bear- that involves a change-surprise.

Data shows hat 6 month olds are more surprised by the change in goal than they are by the change in behavior.

Apparently- and contrary to Piaget, they understand that the object reached for is separate from the reach itself, and they are sophisticated enough in perceiving other’s actions that they understand the actions in terms of their intended goals and not merely in terms of their physical movements.

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no dont say that..i love kids!! im gonna go cry in a dark corner now...lol j/k so if you guys have any suggestions for what you want to know about the thread...ask me........... :D
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  • 2 weeks later...

heres a part of my paper for psych---on sleep--more like freelance notetaking....very interesting!!

 

 

Sleep Deprivation:

One way to assess benefits of sleep is to observe what ills befall us w/out it.

Logic of sleep deprivation experiments in which humans & animals are kept awake for days on end.

Results confirm that desire for sleep is powerful indeed.

If deprived of sleep, we seek it just as we crave food when famished.

Sleep deprived people don’t just desire sleep- they need adequate amounts of both slow wave & REM sleep.

If sleepers are awakened during REM periods throughout night & thus prevented from getting normal amount of REM sleep- they will try to make up for lost REM sleep on subsequent nights.

REM rebound- commonly seen after taking, & then withdrawing from , medications that selectively suppress REM sleep.

Same compensation holds for selective depravation of stage3, 4 & slow wave sleep- if lost one night, they are made up another.

Some suggest that REM sleep derivation induces drug-like hallucinations & other psychotic phenomena-but most investigators believe that most is erroneous/exaggerated.

REM sleep is essential for physical health-main evidence comes from animal studies:

Prolonged sleep deprivation - or just REM sleep deprivation- can lead to illness & even death.

Main reason being that sleep deprivation leads to compromised immune system-leaving animal susceptible to bacterial invasion.

Sleeplessness also creates other risks- & in humans, is associated w/automobile & workplace accidents

Insomnia is easily treated in most people- many cases of insomnia respond readily to simple sleep regimens.

The amount of sleep we need varies from person to person, & w/age.

Infants take brief naps throughout the day- 50% of their sleep is devoted to REM periods- it is not until 4-6 months of age that infants begin to consolidate sleep into one nighttime period.

As children age they need less sleep & less of it is spent in REM periods.

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  • 3 weeks later...

Psych facts of the day:

the human brain weighs 3lbs

size of a coconut

color of raw liver

consistency of chilled butter

contains over 100 billion neurons

makes up for 2-3% of body weight

eats up total of 15-20% oxygen

ENJOY!

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very interesting disorder called: "inter-manual conflict" - aka "the alien hand"

 

this occurs in most split brain patients-- who are patients who were suffering from deblilitating epileptic seizures-and their corpus collosum was severed in order to prevent this from spreading throughout the whole brain and damaging further areas..and this occurs due to damage to the supplementary motor area of the brain..

 

 

 

heres some other info from the web:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

Usage of the term "alien hand sign" is reviewed in 20 published

cases. It refers to apparently purposeful, upper-extremity movements that

the patient reports are beyond his/her control. Lesions were found in

medial frontal cortex and/or the corpus callosum; there was a high

co-occurrence of speech hesitation, limb dyspraxia, tactile dysnomia,

muscle weakness, and grasp reflex on the alien side. Five behavioral

manifestations of alien movement have been described, with grasping

movements and intermanual conflict being the most common. Two

manifestations, exaggerated ataxic automatisms and drifting movements,

likely represent other types of movement disorders. Dysfunction of the

supplementary motor area and related structures has been implicated.

(PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights

reserved).

 

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~also like to explain that: in a normal person- your left ehmisphere controls right side of ur body, and ur right hemisphere controls the left side--therefore damage to the left hemisphere yeilds damage to right side of body and visa versa....

 

okay so due to this conflict some patients suffer from things such as-- one hand wants to do one thing, other hand wants to do another such as in the case of the "right hand picks appropriate dress for a night out, left hand picks a sexy dress and wont let go"

" right hand hugs someone, left hand hits the person"

"right hand packs suitcase, left hand unpacks" lol

 

these are true stories... they reveal that one hand is "alien" wants to do oppisite and is uncontrollable...

 

ill post more new developments as i go along in researching this....

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Face it, not many get interested with such topics. But there is always some that will come and read, take my posts regarding multiple-universes for instance, they get ignored and there is a Sasun the never answer them. :lol: On the other hand, when i post anything about the genocide anywhere in the web, it is reported everywhere and no one miss to read them. :) Some subjects interest and others don't.

 

But yes! in fact, I am interested with what you have writen in this thread, as I said in the past, it is one of my favoured topics, it is waiting the brain that lies all the misteries of the universe. There is more possibilities of connection in ones brain than there is particules in the entire Universe... the brain is what nature has created best that we know of, how can it not interest?

 

I am thinking refreshing the science and technology section by posting about telescopes, how to build one, mirrors etc... maybe it may attract some of the youth to get interested in science.

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ohh and yess... my favorite part of psychology: THE MIND AND BODY PROBLEM:

 

Ways of looking at the mind and body problem:

 

1. physicalism--youre entirely physical-beliefs/hopes/fears/desires(monism)

 

 

2. idealism-youre entirely non physical-everything is created by your miond-everything is due to mental activity

 

 

3. dualism- youre part physical and part mental-

 

 

4. solipsism- all that exists is me and my perceptions- descartes

 

 

i will expand further on this if anyones interested...

Edited by angel4hope
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Domino jan the telescope idea is dope- ive been pondering about that for a while now-- to be honest --ever since i saw the movie "a walk to remember' i thought it was abrilliant idea to build your own telescope- but in order to do that..i would think youd need a nice place to put it...che?
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ohh and yess... my favorite part of psychology: THE MIND AND BODY PROBLEM

The mind and body problem, the observer(mind) observed(body) and conscienceness(the interaction between those two).

 

Which one came first, the egg or the chicken? The observer or the observed? The observer? How come, being an observer imply there is something to observe, the observed? How come, being an observed supposes there is an observer... What abother neither or both? Both? Why not?

 

Is the mind a product of the brain? Is the brain a product of the mind? The same problem arises... what about neither or both? Both? why not?

 

Is the "I" compleatly dependent of the body? Is the body compleatly dependent from the "I"?

 

Many questions unresovled, and angels questionings to find an answer got her interested in psychology? :D

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Domino jan the telescope idea is dope- ive been pondering about that for a while now-- to be honest --ever since i saw the movie "a walk to remember' i thought it was abrilliant idea to build your own telescope- but in order to do that..i would think youd need a nice place to put it...che?

Actually not really... you keep it in your bedroom and at night you go somewhere where you could observe... if you want to build one, it is pretty easy, I can show you how, you will find everything you need on ebay... there is just "Allumunation" of the mirror that might be a problem, but there is even a solution for that as well.

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Ways of looking at the mind and body problem:

 

1. physicalism--youre entirely physical-beliefs/hopes/fears/desires(monism)

 

 

2. idealism-youre entirely non physical-everything is created by your miond-everything is due to mental activity

 

 

3. dualism- youre part physical and part mental-

 

 

4. solipsism- all that exists is me and my perceptions- descartes

 

 

i will expand further on this if anyones interested...

Fadixism: Matter is an illusion, only thoughts exist...

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Fadixism: Matter is an illusion, only thoughts exist...

fadixsism is fake i tells yeah dangit!! its fake!!!!!!!! LMAO :) Domino jan, i dare you to write a book and make your theory provable.. and then get it in textbooks of physics.. HAHAH

you would be the most hated man of physicists.. LOl... :P

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hmmm im not really into freudian psychology~ more into the neurobiological aspect...so yah...and psychoanalysis yes it is dead--not many psychologists use it nowadays... there are more reliable approaches....

 

also when speaking pf psychology, doesnt necessarily mean we are speaking of psychonanlyais- there's more to psychology than that....

Edited by angel4hope
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Did you knew that there is about as much galaxies in the universes as there is neurons in ones brain? Did you knew that neurons by their forms ressemble to a galaxy. :) That is faciniating isn't it? :D

could it be that our universe is a brain of some creature?

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Edward jan i love youre sense of humor-- this is great-- i cant get enough of it!! once youre done probing the whole brain--> u make the lil guy dance.. heheheh okie that proves it im a weir one che?
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Edward jan i love youre sense of humor-- this is great-- i cant get enough of it!! once youre done probing the whole brain--> u make the lil guy dance.. heheheh okie that proves it im a weir one che?

Angel I dident mean that to be a joke, and yes your wierd j/k

 

here is more

 

The electric brain

 

Test your brain

 

 

lots of brains in here

Edited by Edward
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hey cool were doing similar things in my psych class lately...eeeeeh i love this subject!!!! memory and the brain....cognition....preception.....intelligence.....gets me all excited and enthused!!

 

and edward jan---i know u didnt mean it as a joke--but i loved the lil dancing part after u find all the sections of the motor cortex...

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oh and here i have some facts about the motor cortex and sensorimotor cortex....

 

case is called "Phantom Limb"--very cool case to study....here it goes....

 

has to do with patients who have had some part of their body amputated...arm/leg..so forth

 

and person still "feels" their limb- when its actually missing

and this phantom limb can feel touch/sensation/hot/cold/pain/itch and pressure

these feelings are described as very strong and realistic and the source to which is the cortex--its resposible for these so called sensations

 

our professor discussed with us during lecture some of his findings through research studies of phantom limb patients...

 

he said that since some of the nerve endings are present in the missing limb, neurons in the brain still fire and get signals back from these severed nerve endings which produce sensations such as pain and itch..and in a study at UC sand diego, one scientist had the idea that if they use mirrors, itll help these phantom limb patients think that they are actually seeing their other limb as well...and when the had an itch or what not- their actual limb that was present was scratched, but in the mirror they saw their opposite limb being scratched, and therefore though that their phantom limb was being alleviated of its itch by scratching it...therefore it all was a tric kof the brain....this sounds rather complicated...so i will try to find the site that explains ll this and attach it to the thread....

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