MJ

Yes, but you are a radical lefty, which is not much better...

So... let's save Baku...

All about newspapers and those that read them. 1. The Wall Street Journal is read by the people who run the country. 2. The Washington Post is read by people who think they run the country. 3. The New York Times is read by people who think they should run the country, and who are very good at crosswords. 4. USA Today is read by people who think they ought to run the country but don't really understand the Washington Post. They do, however, like their statistics shown in pie charts. 5. The Los Angeles Times is read by people who wouldn't mind running the country, if they could spare the time, and if they didn't have to leave LA to do it. 6. The Boston Globe is read by people whose parents used to run the country and did a far superior job of it, thank you very much. 7. The New York Daily News is read by people who aren't too sure who's running the country, and don't really care as long as they can get a seat on the train. 8. The New York Post is read by people who don't care who's running the country, as long as they do something really scandalous, preferably while drunk. 9. The San Francisco Chronicle is read by people who aren't sure there is a country .... or that anyone is running it; but whoever it is, they oppose all that they stand for. There are occasional exceptions if the leaders are handicapped minority feminist atheist dwarfs, who also happen to be illegal aliens from ANY country or galaxy as long as they are Democrats. 10. The Miami Herald is read by people who are running another country but need the baseball scores. 11. The National Enquirer is read by people trapped in line at the grocery store.

Hi Martin, My CD project is now available for download in its eight component parts for redistribution. Anyway, I'm hoping people will download these component parts and assemble them for burning to CD and passing on to people. There is no restriction on distribution for not-for-profit and educational purposes. The eight files necessary are listed at the bottom of this page: http://www.oneworld.am/CD/ Cheers, Onnik

Armenian doesn't need help. She needs people who claim ownership over her.

I don't know.

http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/n.../sudan_usa_dc_1

9 July 2004, Volume 7, Number 27 RFE/RL Caucasus Report FROM SIMMERING CONFLICT TO SIMMERING PEACE PROCESS. There must surely have been moments over the past 12 years when the task of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Minsk Group seemed only marginally less frustrating than that of a team of conservationist zoologists who, having brought together in one cage two giant pandas from zoos at opposite ends of the planet, find to their chagrin and consternation that even though the survival of the species is in jeopardy, there is no way they can induce the pair to mate. That is not to deny that the Minsk Group has come very close on at least two occasions to brokering a settlement acceptable to all three parties to the conflict. In 1997, Azerbaijan agreed to a phased settlement of the conflict that Armenia too accepted, albeit with reservations, while the unrecognized Nagorno-Artsax Republic rejected it. But further negotiations on that model for resolving the conflict were thwarted by the forced resignation in February 1998 of then-Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrossian. Then in early 2001, the presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan reportedly reached a tentative oral consensus, which was apparently never committed to paper, and which Azerbaijan's President Heidar Aliyev subsequently retreated from. It is a truism that any number of factors can imperil attempts to reach a political settlement of a decade-old conflict. At the most banal level, personal antipathy between the mediators can inhibit progress. (In a 1991 interview with the German weekly "Die Zeit," then-Czechoslovak President Vaclav Havel confessed to being "surprised and shocked" by the realization of how great a role such personal sympathies or animosities play in decisions that affect the lives of millions of people.) The fact that the Armenian and Azerbaijani foreign ministers have met three times between mid-April and late June, and that a fourth meeting may take place in August, suggests, though, that at present the negotiating process is not stalled by the quirks of personal chemistry. But to an even greater degree, the outcome of any peace progress is inevitably hostage to domestic political considerations, specifically, the willingness, or conversely the reluctance of national leaders to risk their careers by agreeing to concessions that many voters consider not only politically unacceptable but an insult to the memories of those who gave their lives fighting. While success could be rewarded by a nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize, failure, or even badly judged timing, can spell the end of a political career -- as in the case of Ter-Petrossian. Azerbaijan's current President Ilham Aliyev, who hopes to win a second presidential term in 2008, has little incentive to undermine his chances of doing so by making major concessions before then, and indeed has said on several occasions that he will "never" do so. The conflict sides and the OSCE Minsk Group have a gentlemen's agreement not to divulge either specific proposals under discussion or the reactions of one side to statements by the other. That insistence on the confidentiality of the negotiating process is intended to preclude the leak of details that could destroy a tenuous consensus reached in months or even years of talks by provoking a domestic political backlash that might even endanger the stability of one or other government. Although stage-managed, the Azerbaijani parliament debate that followed the leak in February 2001 of three successive Minsk Group draft peace proposals demonstrated the kind of groundswell of anger and resentment that an unfavorable settlement could unleash (see "RFE/RL Caucasus Report," 23 February 2001). But the lack of detailed information also serves to engender any amount of speculation, disinformation, and rumors concerning peace proposals that have no formal status -- such as that by EU rapporteur Per Gahrton early this year that Armenia withdraw its forces from five occupied Azerbaijani districts in return for the resumption of rail communication between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Deliberate disinformation can, nonetheless, serve a useful purpose during long-drawn-out negotiations insofar as it may serve to deflect attention from what is really on the negotiating table. Cautiously worded statements by Armenian Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian and the Minsk Group co-chairs following the most recent meeting between Oskanian and his Azerbaijani counterpart Elmar Mammadyarov in Prague last month suggest that the talks at present focus on ways to narrow the gap between the two sides' preferred approaches. Since 1998, Armenia has insisted on a "package" solution to the conflict that would address and resolve all disputed issues in a single agreement, without leaving any "loose ends," even if the various provisions of that agreement were implemented not simultaneously but consecutively, over a period of time. Azerbaijan, by contrast, favors the "step-by-step" approach under which a series of separate aspects of the problem would be addressed and resolved one at a time, and the second problem or set of problems would only be addressed after measures to implement the first had been successfully completed. That approach would theoretically enable Azerbaijan to demand a major concession from Armenia (such as the withdrawal of Armenian forces from the regions which they currently control bordering on the unrecognized Nagorno-Artsax Republic) without making a concession of similar magnitude in return. That approach is anathema to Yerevan, insofar as it entails the possible danger of Armenia surrendering its biggest "bargaining chip" -- the occupied districts -- without securing in return what it considers most important, namely a cast-iron agreement that Nagorno-Artsax should not be vertically subordinated to the Azerbaijani central government. RFE/RL's Armenian Service quoted Oskanian as saying on 17 May after his meeting with Mammadyarov in Strasbourg that "the essence of the problem is Nagorno-Artsax's status. Everything else is the consequence of the failure to resolve that problem. So if we are to resolve the conflict, we must concentrate on Nagorno-Artsax's status, rather than try to find solutions to secondary issues, putting the main issue aside." Four weeks later, Oskanian told RFE/RL's Armenian Service after his talks with Mammadyarov in Prague on 21 June that the "nature of the ongoing talks is such that one should really opt for a synthesis" of the Armenian and Azerbaijani positions. Speaking in Moscow on 24 June, Russian OSCE Minsk Group co-Chairman Yurii Merzlyakov said that the co-chairs are drafting a new peace proposal that would "allow us to synthesize incompatible things," meaning the diverging approaches of the two sides. He predicted that "this is possible...if the parties display goodwill." Merzlyakov's disclosure suggests that there are indeed grounds for cautious optimism that a solution to the conflict can be reached. But Mammadyarov warned that it will take time: the Azerbaijani daily "Ekho" on 24 June quoted him as comparing the negotiations to cooking, implying that for the best results, neither process should be rushed. At the same time, Mammadyarov expressed confidence that the final product will be both "tasty" and "digestible" to everyone. On 1 July, Oskanian said the Minsk Group co-chairs will travel to Yerevan, Stepanakert, and Baku later in July, but will not bring a new peace proposal, RFE/RL's Armenian Service reported. He added that "negotiations at the level of presidents and foreign ministers have not yet reached a point where the co-chairs have enough material to put something on paper." On 8 July, Armenian Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamlet Gasparian said the co-chairs will visit Yerevan on 12 July, Stepanakert on 13 July, and then Baku, Noyan Tapan reported. (Liz Fuller)

AZERBAIJANI POLITOLOGIST CONSIDERS IT NECESSARY TO COPE WITH AMERICANS AND THEN PREPARE FOR WAR AGAINST ARMENIA YEREVAN, JULY 10. ARMINFO. Americans like West Europeans are absolutely unaware of the Artsax conflict, Ex-State Adviser, politologist Vafa Guluzade said in his interview to the Zerkalo newspaper. The politologist said that the USA thinksa that Azerbaijan can easily leave these territories to Armenia and that we must do it. The USA must understand that Azerbaijan will never agree with unjust settlement-scheme, even if it satisfies the interests of the White House in oil, the politologist added. He said that such an attempt will destabilize the situation in the whole region and endanger America' interests. Speaking of the "Cyprus settlement scheme," the politologist said that its application to the Artsax conflict "would mean inclusion of Artsax and Lachin into Armenia's territory and return of the Azerbaijani 'minority,' which has become such due to the Soviet authorities, to Nagorny Artsax." That is, he explained, Azerbaijanis will receive an autonomy as part of Artsax and will be included into Armenia. "There is no other understanding of the Cyprus settlement-scheme," he said. Guluzade pointed out that only liberation of the occupied territories and return of Artsax under sovereignty of Azerbaijan is possible. Guluzade said that Azerbaijan must either restore its sovereignty or it will loose Artsax and Lachin forever for liberation of the six regions. He pointed out that "if a country part of whose territory is occupied does not prepare for war, it is a criminal country." Azerbaijan must prepare for war even more than the country which occupies its territories, he said, adding that he means Russia and not Armenia. "Armenia has no intention to return anything to us. We must increase the public awareness of this idea, in order that everyone understands that we must achieve justice by ourselves," the politologist said.-M-

I don't think the usage of propane as car fuel is going to save any money. Propane being a by-product of the refining process of natural gas and crude oil, has prices highly correlated to the prices of the latter two. Both crude oil and natural gas prices are rather high, currently. Wholesale propane prices (retail would be much higher) can be checked on a daily basis at www.nymex.com.

Wow. Another essay. Sorry, cannot read.

How about simply contributing into the solution, even symbolically, instead of solving the problems? Isn't the rejection of contribution the state of mind of a perennial parasite obsessed only with the sole purpose of self-preservation? Note that I don't mean to imply that you, personally, are a parasite - simply because I don't know you nor have ever read you to understand what it is about you which apparently causes non-stop controversy. How about at least lobbying the US congress, per se, for condemning the ongoing genocide in Sudan?

A classmate of mine from Yerevan has sent an email yesterday informing me that he has joined the Red Cross aid groups and left for Sudan for 3-6 months, to serve the survivors of the ongoing genocide there. It seems to me that the people in Armenia have joined the international efforts of providing relief, while the “enlightened” diasporans may debate what their stance should be on the issue.

I found another interesting material. While I don't necessarily agree with some of the conclusions, I think the facts themselves are remarkable. ÐÚ¸-Ü ä²îØàôÂÚ²Ü ¸²î²êî²ÜÆ ²è²æ íϳÛáõÙ »Ý ÷³ëï»ñÁ, Ïáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý ¹»Ùù»ñÁ, å³ïÙ³µ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ³Ï³Ý³ï»ëÝ»ñÁ 1. ²ñϳͳËݹñáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý Æ ëϽµ³Ý» »õ ÙÇÝã»õ í»ñç ÐÚ¸-Ý áõÝ»ó»É ¿ ³Ýѻûà áõ ѳÝó³íáñ ·³Õ³÷³ñ, û Ñ³Û ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ Ù»Í »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³Û¹ ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳëÝ»É ÙdzÛÝ Ýñ³Ýó ëïÇå»Éáí, ÇëÏ ëïÇå»É ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ó÷³Í ³ñÛ³Ùµ: ØÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÛÝù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ Ñ½áñ ÏÉÇÝÇ, áñù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ó÷íÇ ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ³ñÛáõÝÁ: ºõ Ñ»ï»õáճϳÝáñ»Ý ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³ñ»É ¿ ³Û¹ §ÑÇÙùÁ¦ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ѳٳñ: §¸ñá߳Ϧ, 1891, Ù³ÛÇë, ÃÇí 1. §ºõñáå³Ý ãϳ... »õ ÙÇÝã»õ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÑáÕÁ ãß³Õ³ËíÇ ³ñÛáõÝáíª ÃáÕ ·Çï»Ý³Ý ѳۻñÁ, áñ áãÇÝã ã»Ý ëï³Ý³: ²åëï³ÙµáõÃÛáõÝ, áõñÇß »Éù ãϳ¦: §¸ñá߳Ϧ, 1895, ÑáõÝí³ñ. §1894Ã.-Á ³Ù»Ý³÷³ÛÉáõÝÝ ¿ñ Ù»ñ ѻճ÷áË³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³Ýùáõ٠û° Ûáõñ áñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ, »õ û Ûáõñ ͳí³Éáí... 94 Ãí³Ï³ÝÇ Ñ»Õ³÷áË³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÇ å³ïÏ»ñÁ û»õ ïËáõñ, íßï³óáõóÇã ¿, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ÙÇßï ³ñÛáõÝ ¿ ÑáëáõÙ, µ³Ûó á·»õáñáÕ »õ Ëñ³ËáõëÇã ¿, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Û¹ ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ... à±í ÏѳÕÃÇ: àõÅ»ñÁ ѳí³ë³ñ ã»Ý, ÇÝã ϳëϳÍ, áñ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÅ»Õ ¿ »õ ¹»é ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ê³ëáõÝÇ ÏéÇíÝ»ñáõÙ ÏÏáïáñÇ... ´³Ûó ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á ãÇ Ñ³ÕÃí»É, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ÃßݳÙÇÝ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ³ó»É ËÉ»É Ýñ³ÝÇó ³åëï³Ùµ³Ï³Ý ³ñݳ·áõÛÝ ¹ñáß³ÏÁ... ²Û¹ ¹ñáß³ÏÁ ãÇ ÁÝÏÝÇÉ ÙÇÝã»õ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ÛÇ í»ñçÇÝ ßáõÝãÁ... ºÕµ³ÛñÝ»ñ¹ í×é»É »Ý ϳ٠ӻéù µ»ñ»É ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ٠ÃßݳÙáõÝ ï³É ³Í˳ó³Í ¹Ç³ÏÝ»ñ »õ ³ñÛáõÝáï ³í»ñ³ÏÝ»ñ: ØDZû ϳñáÕ »ë ³Ýï³ñµ»ñ ÙݳÉ: - à°ã¦: §¸ñá߳Ϧ, 1895, ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñ. §²ñ¹»Ý Ïïñí³Í »Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, »õ ³ÛÅÙ ÙdzÛÝ ß³ñáõݳÏíáõÙ ¿ ÏéÇíÁ, áñ í³Õáõó ѳÛï³ñ³ñí³Í ¿: ÊݹÇñÁ Ïí×éíÇ ÙdzÛÝ »ñÏáõëÇó Ù»ÏÇ ÁÝÏÝ»ÉáíÁ, Ù³ÑáíÁ - ϳ٠å»ïù ¿ ï³ÏÝ áõ íñ³ ÉÇÝÇ, áãÝã³Ý³ ëáõÉÃ³Ý³Ï³Ý åáéÝÇÏ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ϳ٠å»ïù ¿ ÁÝÏÝÇ, Ù»éÝÇ Ñ³Û ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á. ËݹñÇ ÙÇ³Ï ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ù³ÑÝ ¿: Ð³Û ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á ½»ÝùÁ í³ñ ϹÝÇ Ï³Ù Ñ³ÕÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ µáÉáñáíÇÝ ï³ñ³Í, ϳ٠³ÝßÝã³ó³Í...¦: §¸ñá߳Ϧ, 1895, ÃÇí 19. §ºõ áñå»ë½Ç ³Ûë ³Ý·³Ù ¿É ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ ã³ÝóÝÇÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ, ½áÑ»ñÁ, å»ïù ¿ ß³ñáõݳÏíÇ ÏéÇíÁ, áñáí ÙdzÛÝ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ëïÇå»É ¹ÇåÉáÙ³ïdzÛÇÝ Ç ÝϳïÇ ³éÝ»É ¹Å·áÑ ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ: ²½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ ѳñÃáÕÁ ³ñÛ³Ý ÑáñÓ³ÝùÝ»ñÝ »Ý. Ù»Ýù ãå»ïù ¿ ß÷áÃí»Ýù ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ï»ë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇó, ãå»ïù ¿ ÏáñóÝ»Ýù Ù»ñ ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁª ѳëϳݳÉáõ ѳٳñ »õ ïÇñ»Éáõ ñáå»ÇÝ, Ýñ³Ý Ù»½ ͳé³Û»óÝ»Éáõ¦: гÝó³íáñ ³ñϳͳËݹñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁª 1895-96ÃÃ. 300.000 ѳۻñÇ Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ ¿ñ, áñ áã ÙdzÛÝ ãëó÷»óñ»ó, ³ÛÉ ³í»ÉÇ á·»õáñ»ó ¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: §¸ñá߳Ϧ, 1897, ÃÇí 1. §Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù ѳí³ïáõÙ áã ëáõÉóÝÇÝ, áã ¿É ¹ÇåÉáÙ³ïdzÛÇÝ: Ø»Ýùª ѳۻñë, 1896 ÃÇíÁ í»ñç³óÝáõÙ »Ýù ³í»ÉÇ áõñ³Ë, ù³Ý ëÏë»É »Ýù: ²í»ÉÇ Ù»Í Ñ³í³ïáí »Ýù ¹ÇÙ³íáñáõÙ 97 Ãí³Ï³ÝÁ: Ø»Ýù áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã»Ýù ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ Çñ»Ýó Ë»Éáù áõ ³í»ÉÇ ÷³÷ϳëÇñï ϳñÍáÕ Ñ³Û»ñÇ µ³ñµ³ç³ÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³ »õ ³í»ÉÇ µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ï»ñåáí ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ÙÇßï å»ïù ¿ Ïéí»Ýù... гí³ï³ó³Í »Ýù, áñ ³Û¹ ëáõñµ Ù³ñïÁ Ù»½ÝÇó å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »Ý Ù»ñ ëïñáõÏ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á, Ù»ñ ³í»ñ³Ï ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÁ »õ Ù»ñ ѳñÛáõñ-ѳ½³ñ ݳѳï³ÏÝ»ñÇ ëáõñµ ÑÇß³ï³ÏÁ: Üáñ ï³ñÇÝ ëÏëáõÙ »Ýù ·áã»Éáíª §ÎéÇí, ÏéÇí »õ ³í»ÉÇ áõÅ»Õ ÏéÇí¦: 300.000 ³ÝÙ»Õ áõ ³ÝÇÙ³ëï ½áÑ ïí³Í »õ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ Ïñ³Í ³ñ»õÙï³Ñ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñÏñÇó ¹áõñë íéݹ»ó Çñ §³½³ï³ñ³ñÝ»ñÇݦª ³ñųݳݳÉáí ¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Ýñ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñ ãѳٳӳÛÝ»ó §ÙÇÝã»õ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ÛÁ¦ ·Ý³É ëïáõÛ· Ù³Ñí³Ý »õ §ÃßݳÙáõÝ ï³É ÙdzÛÝ ³Í˳ó³Í ¹Ç³ÏÝ»ñ¦: §¸ñá߳Ϧ, 1901, ÃÇí 7. §Ð»Õ³÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ÷ñϳñ³ñ ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ ëáëϳÉÇ ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ ¿ñ »ÝóñÏí»É 1895-96-Ç ³Õ»ïÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá: ÀݹѳÝáõñ Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛ³Ý »õ ѻճßñçÙ³Ý ÙÇ ³ÝÙÇï, µ³Ûó Çñ ³ÝÙïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç áõÅ»Õ ï³ñ»ñ³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ Ñáë³Ýù ¿ñ ïÇñ»É Ù»ñ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý µ³½Ù³½³Ý ˳í»ñÇÝ: ê³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ý»ÍùÝ»ñ ϳñ¹³ó Ù»ñ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ³ëó»ÇÝ, ٻͳËáë, µ³Ûó ÷áùñá·Ç ï³ññ»ñÁ ßï³å»óÇÝ ÷³Ëáõëï ï³É ѻճ÷áË³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ÏÇó, Ññ³å³ñ³ÏÁ ·ñ³íí»ó ½³Ý³½³Ý ï»ë³ÏÇ ¹åÇñÝ»ñáí »õ ¹åñÇÏÝ»ñáí, áñáÝù ѳݹ»ë »Ï³Ý Ù»ñ í³ß˳éáõ ѳۻñÇ ÇÙ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»½ ù³ñá½»Éáõ, ѻճ÷á˳ϳÝÁ ¹³ï³å³ñïí»ó ǵñ»õ ³Ý·áñÍ »õ ³½·³íÝ³ë ¹³ï³ñϳåáñï, ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ Ýë»Ù³ó³í Çñ ËáÛ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, Çñ ÑÙ³ÛùÇ, Çñ ëñµ³½³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ë³ñ¹³Ï³Ý áõÅÇ Ù»ç¦: È»õáÝ âáñÙÇëÛ³Ý. §âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ áñ»õ¿ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍãÇ Ï³Ù Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëï»Éáõ Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ´³Ûó Ñݳñ³íá±ñ ¿ áñ»õ¿ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍãÇ Ï³Ù Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ãÙ»Õ³¹ñ»É, »ñµ ³Û¹ Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³åÝ¹Ù³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝïñáõÙ ¿ ÝáõÛÝ ³Û¹ ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÇëÏ íï³Ý·áÕ ·áñͻɳϻñå: سÑí³Ý ³é³ç ¹ñí³Í ѳí³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳñá±Õ ¿ ³½³ï³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ: Ðݳñ³íá±ñ ¿ ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³É ³½³ïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ù³Ý û ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ... γñ»ÉDZ ¿ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÙ³Ý ÝßáõÛÉ ÇëÏ ï»ëÝ»É ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç, áñáÝù áã û Çñ»Ýó, ³ÛÉ ³ÝÃÇí »õ ³Ýѳٳñ ³ÝͳÝáà ٳñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù³ÑÝ »Ý ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ¦ (§Îáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ¦, ºñ»õ³Ý, 1995Ã., ¿ç 20): È»á. §êáõÉÃ³Ý Ð³ÙǹÁ Ïáïáñ»É ¿ñ ï³ÉÇë ѳۻñÇÝ, µ³Ûó ÙDZû ³é³Ýó ³éÇÃÇ »õ å³ïñí³ÏÝ»ñÇ, »õ ÙDZû ³Û¹ ³éÇÃÝ áõ å³ïñí³ÏÁ ÃáÝñÇ ßñÃÇÝ ùÝ³Í Ù»ñÏ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ, »õ áã û ³ÛÝ åáéáï³ËáëÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÃÕÃÇ íñ³ ³Ýå³ñï»ÉÇ ÏéíáÕÝ»ñ ¿ÇÝ ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ ³Û¹ ÇëÏ Ãßí³éÝ»ñÇÝ »õ ÏáÏáñ¹ ¿ÇÝ å³ïéáõÙª §³åëï³ÙµáõÃÛáõÝ, ³åëï³ÙµáõÃÛáõݦ µÕ³í»Éáí ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ ù³ÛÉáõÙ: ºÃ» 1896-Ç û·áëïáëÇÝ ã·ñ³í»ÇÝ ´³ÝÏ úïáÙ³ÝÁ, Î.äáÉëáõÙ Ïç³ñ¹í»Ç±Ý 7 ѳ½³ñ ѳۻñ¦ (§Âáõñù³Ñ³Û ѻճ÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñ³µ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ¦, Ñ.´, ºñ»õ³Ý, 1994Ã., ¿ç 36): 10 ï³ñáõó å³Ï³ë ï»õ»ó ³ñ»õÙï³Ñ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ 95-96ÃÃ. Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, »õ §Ñ»Õ³÷á˳ϳݦ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝáñÇó Ùï³í §»ñÏÇñ¦: È»á. §ºõ ëÏëí»ó: 1903-1904 Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ÝáñÇó ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñ ëÏëí»óÇÝ ê³ëáõÝáõÙ... Ƶñ»õ å³ï³ëË³Ý ³Û¹ ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ»ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Ý ì³ÝÇ »õ ´ÇÃÉÇëÇ íÇɳۻÃÝ»ñáõÙ, ·É˳íáñ³å»ë ØáõßÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ: ²Û¹ Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÇÝ ½áÑ ·Ý³ó³Í ѳۻñÇ ÃÇíÁ »õñáå³Ï³Ý Éñ³·ÇñÝ»ñÁ áñáßáõÙ ¿ÇÝ 7.000 Ñá·Ç¦ (ÝáõÛÝ ï»ÕáõÙ, ¿ç 39) : 1908Ã. 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(ѳïí³Í, áñÁ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ ¿ ѳۻñ»Ý µÝ³·ñáõÙ). §ÆÝãå»ë áñ Ãáõñù, éáõë »õ µáÉáñ ³ß˳ñÑÇ íÇ׳ϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ »õ ѳëï³ïÛ³É ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó Ïáõ ï³Ý, ³Ûë ³éÃÇí ³É Ïí³í»ñ³óíÇ, û ûëÙ³ÝÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ Ñ³Û Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ áñ »õ ¿ ÑáÕ³Ù³ë ãϳ¦ (ï»°ë, È»á, ÝáõÛÝ ï»ÕáõÙ, ¿ç 243): èáõµ»Ý î»ñ-ØÇݳëÛ³Ý. §è³¹»ÏÁ ·Çï³Ïóáñ»Ý ˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ ¿ ÷³ëï»ñÁª ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»Éáí, û Ãáõñù³Ñ³Û»ñÇ µÝ³çÝçáõÙÁ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ ÂáõñùdzÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: гÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÁ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ÇÝ èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñª Ç íݳë ÂáõñùdzÛÇ »õ ѳۻñǦ (ÝáõÛÝ ï»ÕáõÙ, ¿ç 83): êÇÙáÝ ìñ³óÛ³Ý (1921Ã.). §´áÉß»õǽÙÇ ¹»Ù Ïéí»Éáõ »õ, ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë, Ù»ñ »ñÏñáõÙ Ë³Õ³Õ ÏÛ³Ýù í»ñëÏë»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ù»Ýù ٻͳå»ë å»ïù áõÝÇÝù ѳñ»õ³Ý ÂáõñùdzÛÇ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ²Ù»Ý ÙÇ ù³Ûɪ û ³Ûëï»Õ, û ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ, áñ ѳϳé³Ï ¿ Ù»ñ »õ Ãáõñù»ñÇ Ù»ç µ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù ϳå»ñ ѳëï³ï»ÉáõÝ, ϳñáÕ ¿ ׳ϳﳷñ³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É Ù»½ ѳٳñ: ²Ûëûñ Ù»Ýù »ñÏáõ Çñ³Ï³Ý áõÅ áõÝ»Ýù Ù»ñ ÏáÕùÇÝ. Ù»ÏÁ ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ èáõë³ëï³ÝÝ ¿, ÙÛáõëÁª ÂáõñùdzÝ: ØÛáõë áõÅ»ñÁ Ù»½ÝÇó ß³ï Ñ»éáõ »Ý: ²é³çÇÝÇ Ñ»ï, ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó ïí»ó ¹³éÁ ÷áñÓÁ, ѳßïí»É ã»Ýù ϳñáÕ. ÙÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ѳßïí»Ýù áõ µ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ý³Ýù ÙÛáõëÇ Ñ»ï: ²Û¹ ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ ã¿, áñáíÑ»ï»õ Ù»Ýù »õ Ãáõñù»ñÝ áõÝÇÝù ÁݹѳÝáõñ ߳ѻñ, áñ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù»ñ³ßËáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳñáÕ »Ýù å³ßïå³Ý»É ÁݹѳÝáõñ áõÅ»ñáí... Ø»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ѳßï »õ Çñ³Ï³Ý ϻݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Ù»ñ ѳñ»õ³Ý ÂáõñùdzÛÇ Ñ»ï: àõñ»Ùݪ Ù»ñ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ, »Ã» Ýñ³Ýù Çñáù µ³ñ»Ï³Ù »Ý Ù»½, ãåÇïÇ ¹Ý»Ý ÂáõñùÇ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç, áõñ ݳ ÝϳïÇ Ù»½ ǵñ»õ Çñ³ ¹Åµ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éÁ áõ ÉóíÇ ³ï»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý »õ íñÇųéáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñáí ѳݹ»å Ù»½: ÎáÝý»ñ³ÝëÇ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ù»ñ í»ñ³µ»ñٳٵ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ åÇïÇ ÉÇÝÇÝ ÂáõñùdzÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ³Ñ³ Ù»ñ å³Ñ³ÝçÁ¦ (ï»°ë ²í»ïÇë ²Ñ³ñáÝÛ³Ý, г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ºñ»õ³Ý, 1993Ã., ¿ç 657-658): §²½³ï г۳ëï³Ý¦, 1921, ÃÇí 35. §Æñ ³½³ï³·ñ³Ï³Ý å³Ûù³ñÇ ³Ûë ï³Å³Ý»ÉÇ ûñ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Û ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ÇÙ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ åÇïÇ áõݻݳ Ãáó÷»Éáõ Çñ»ÝÇó ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ ¹³éÝ Ñáõß»ñÁ »õ ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ »õ áãÇÝã ãËݳۻÉáõ Ñ³Û »õ Ãáõñù ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ »õ î³×ϳëï³ÝÇ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»Éáõ ѳٳñ: Âáõñù ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç, î³×ϳëï³ÝÇ ·áñÍáÝ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ, áñ Ñ³Û ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á åÇïÇ ¹áõñë ·³ Çñ Ý»ñϳ ͳÝñ ﳷݳåÇó »õ Ãáõñù ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ ¿, áñ Ñ³Û ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Á åÇïÇ Ï³ñáճݳ í»ñç³å»ë Ó»éù µ»ñ»É ï»õ³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛáõÝ: àõñÇß ×³Ý³å³ñÑ ãϳ¦: ¼³í»Ý ØëñÉÛ³Ý. §18 Ù³ñï 1921-ÇÝ, êÇÙáÝ ìñ³óÛ³Ý ÂáõñùÇá ²½·³ÛÇÝ Ù»Í ÅáÕáíáõ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, áñ ׳Ýãó³Í ¿ñ §Ð³Ûñ»ÝÇùÇ ÷ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÙÇï»Ý¦ áñå»ë ÙÇ³Ï Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ù»ç, áõÕÕ»ó ¹ÇÙáõÙ ÙÁ: ¸ÇÙáõÙÇ Ù»ç ê. ìñ³óÛ³Ý ÏËݹñ»ñ, áñ Çñ µ³Ý³ÏÁ ѳٳÉñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ãáõñù»ñÁ í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»Ý Çñ»Ýó Ùáï »ÕáÕ Ñ³Û å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·»ñÇÝ»ñÁ »õ óáõÛó ï³Ý é³½Ù³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý: êÇÙáÝ ìñ³óÛ³Ý Çñ ¹ÇÙáõÙÁ ÏÑÇÙÝ»ñ ²É»ùë³Ý¹ñ³åáÉÇ ¹³ßݳ·ÇñÇÝ íñ³: ìñ³óÛ³Ý Ï·ñ»ñ. §êáõÛÝ ¹ÇÙáõÙÝ ³Ý»Éáíª Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ µ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³, áñáÝó ÑÇÙù »Ý ¹ñí³Í ²É»ùë³Ý¹ñ³åáÉÇ ¹³ßݳ·ñÇó ëÏë³Í »õ áñáÝù ˳ݷ³ñí³Í ¿ÇÝ µáÉß»õÇÏÛ³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï¦ (§ºñ»ù ¹³ßݳ·Çñ¦, ´»ÛñáõÃ, 1979Ã., ¿ç 119-120): ìñ³óÛ³ÝÇ Ñ»é³·ÇñÁ ÈáݹáÝÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇÝ (1921Ã). §Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ Ïáõ½» ³åñÇÉ Ë³Õ³ÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ áõ µ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ ѳñ»õ³Ý ÂáõñùÇá Ñ»ï: ²Ý Ïáõ½», áõñ»ÙÝ, áñ ÈáݹáÝÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇÝ ï³ÉÇù áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÷á˳¹³ñÓ ³Ýíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ãµ»ñ»Ý ÂáõñùÇá »õ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÙÇç»õ »õ ϳ٠¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ì»ñç:¦ (л鳷ñÇ ³éÇÃáí úëµáñÝÇ Ù³Ï³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. §²ÛÝå»ë ÏÃíÇ, û ½»Ýùáí Ãáõñù ÙÁ Ï»ó³Í ¿ñ å. ìñ³óÛ³ÝÇ ÏéݳÏÁ, »ñµ ³Ý ³Ûë ѻ鳷ÇñÁ ÕñÏ»ó¦ (ï»°ë, ¼³í»Ý ØëñÉÛ³Ý, ºñ»ù ¹³ßݳ·Çñ¦, ´»ÛñáõÃ, 1979Ã., ¿ç 120-121): §Ð³Ûñ»ÝÇùÇ ÷ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÙÇï»Ç¦ ûñ·³Ý §²½³ï г۳ëï³ÝÁ¦ ·ñáõÙ ¿ñ. §Æñ»ñÇ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý µ»ñáõÙáí ²Ý¹ñÏáíϳëÇ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³ÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ¹³éÝ³É ÙdzÛÝ î³×ϳëï³ÝÁ: àñáíÑ»ï»õ î³×ϳëï³ÝÝ ¿ ÙÇ³Ï Çñ³Ï³Ý, Ù»ñÓ³íáñ³·áõÛÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áõÅÁ, áñÝ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë »õ Ï»Ýë³å»ë ߳ѳ·ñ·éí³Í ¿ ²Ý¹ñÏáíϳëÇ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÛ³É ³½³ï³·ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ¦ (ÝáõÛÝ ï»ÕáõÙ, ¿ç 120): г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»Éáõó Ñ»ïá, ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ, ³Ýï»ë»Éáí »õ áõñ³Ý³Éáí ³Ñ³íáñ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÷³ëïÁ, ÐÚ¸-Ý ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ¿ ³å³íÇÝ»É áõ ͳé³Û»É Ãáõñù»ñÇÝ. íñ³ó Ù»Ýß»õÇÏÝ»ñÇ, ³¹ñµ»ç³Ý³Ï³Ý Ùáõë³í³ÃÇ »õ ÂáõñùdzÛÇ Ñ»ï 1921-26ÃÃ. Ùß³Ï»É »õ ÏÝù»É ¿ §äñáÙ»Ã»Û³Ý áõËï¦ ¹³ßÇÝùÁª ²Ý¹ñÏáíϳëÁ èáõë³ëï³ÝÇó ³Ýç³ï»Éáõ »õ ÂáõñùdzÛÇ Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ¹Ý»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: Ø. ê»ñáµÛ³Ý. §²Ûë ³Ãáé³½áõñÏ ³ïñå»×³ÝóÇ, íñ³óÇ, ¹³Õëï³ÝóÇ »õ Ñ³Û Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÝ»ñÁ Ù»Ï Ýå³ï³Ï ÙdzÛÝ ÏÑ»ï³åݹ»Ý. ïÇñ³Ý³É Çñ»Ýó Ïáñóñ³Í ³ÃáéÝ»ñÇÝ: ºõ ÑáÝ, ÙáõÃÇÝ Ù»ç Ïϳ½Ù»Ý §äñáٻû³Ï³Ý¦ ËÙµ³ÏÁ: ...1926-ÇÝ, »ñµ êáõÉóÝáí äáÉëÇ Ù»ç §ÎáíϳëÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ¦ í»ñç³å»ë ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É» Ñ»ïá ø»Ù³ÉÇ Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï, 1926 ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇÝ ö³ñÇ½Ç Ù»ç Ïå³ñ½» ìñ³óÛ³Ý ËÙµ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï 1921-»Ý Ç í»ñ ϳ½Ù³Í ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñÁ »õ Ïå³Ñ³Ýç», áñ §ÎáíϳëÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³¹³ßݳÏóáõÃ۳ݦ äáÉëá Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï»Ç Ù»ç ѳۻñáõÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³ó ÃáÕí³Í »ñÏáõ ³ÃáéÝ»ñ ·ñ³í»Ý ê.ìñ³óÛ³Ý »õ èáõµ»Ý ÷³ß³ (¸³ñµÇÝÛ³Ý): ...²ÛÉ»õë ¹ÇÙ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ÇÝÏ³Í »Ý ìñ³óÛ³Ý-¸³ñµÇÝÛ³Ý ËÙµ³ÏÇÝ »ñ»ë»Ý: ²ÛëáõÑ»ï»õ ׳ϳﳵ³ó ìñ³óÛ³Ý-¸³ñµÇÝÛ³Ý ÏñÝ³Ý Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É Çñ»Ýó ¹³í³Ý³ÝùÁ. §ÎáíϳëÇ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ å³ßïå³Ý ϳñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É î³×ϳëï³ÝÁ¦ (§Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ³ÝϳËáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÇÃáí¦, γÑÇñ», 1950Ã., ¿ç 49-50): ºñÏñáñ¹ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ûųݹ³Ï»É ¿ ý³ßÇëï³Ï³Ý »ñÙ³ÝdzÛÇÝ »õ Ýñ³ ¹³ßݳÏÇóÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝó Ù»ç ¿ñ ݳ»õ ÂáõñùdzÝ: ºí ÝÙ³Ý áõñ³óáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ¿, áñ ÐÇïÉ»ñÝ Çñáù Çñ³íáõÝù áõÝ»ñ Ñé»ïáñ³Ï³Ý ѳñó ï³Éáõ. §à±í ¿ ÑÇßáõÙ ³Ûëûñ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ïáïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÁ¦: ø³Ý½Ç ³ÛÝ ã¿ñ ÑÇßáõ٠ݳ»õ ÐÚ¸-Ý: ñÇ·áñ Ø»ñ׳Ýáí. §¸³ßݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý äÛáõñáÛÇ Ñ»ï ÇÙ áõÝ»ó³Í ëϽµáõÝù³ÛÇÝ ·É˳íáñ ï³ñ³Ï³ñÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ»ë Ù»ÏÁ »Õ³í Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ܳóÇ »ñÙ³ÝÇá Ñ»ï, ´ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ûñ»ñáõÝ: â¿Ç Ïñݳ ѳßïíÇÉ ³ÛÝ ÙïùÇ Ñ»ï, áñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ѳïí³Í³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñ»Ý ï³ñí³Í, Ïñݳ áõ å»ïù ¿ ·áñͳÏóÇ ó»Õ³ÛÇÝ ËïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »õ ³ß˳ñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý߳ݳµ³Ý ¹³ñÓáõó³Í ³Ûë ï»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï: ... ܳóÇ »ñÙ³ÝÇá ¹³ßݳÏÇó ¹³ñÓ»ñ ¿ñ ÂáõñùdzÝ, áñ ÇÙ ³ãùÇÝ Ïå³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»ñ ³Û½»ñ³Ï³Ý »ñÙ³ÝÇá »õ ÆÃÃÇÑ³Ã³Ï³Ý ÂáõñùÇá ÙÇç»õ ÏÝùí³Í ½ÇݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñáõÝ ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ñ ³Ûë Ù»ÏÁ: áÝ» ³Ûëå»ë ÏÝϳï»Ç »ë: àñáí, ·»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÕóݳÏÇ ÙÁ å³ñ³·³ÛÇÝ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ µ³Ëïáí Ùï³Ñá·í»Éáõ å»ïù ãáõÝ»ÇÝ áõñÇßÝ»ñÁ: ÂáõñùÇ³Ý Ïµ³í»ñ, áñáõÝ µ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ ³ÙµáÕç ß³ñí³Í ÙݳóÇÝ ²ñ³ùëÇ ³ñ»õÙïÛ³Ý »½»ñùÇÝ íñ³, ³Ýѳٵ»ñ ëå³ë»Éáí êóÉÇÝÏñ³ïÇ ³ÝÏáõÙÇÝ: ... ´³ñ»µ³Ëï³µ³ñ, ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»ó êóÉÇÝÏñ³ïÁ: »ñÙ³ÝÇ³Ý å³ñïí»ó³í: Æ٠ѳÙá½áõÙë ¿, áñ ³Ýáí í»ñ³åñ»ó³í ݳ»õ ѳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²Ûɳå»ë Ãáõñù»ñÁ ÑÇÝ µ³ñ»Ï³Ù ·»ñÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï, Ø»Í »Õ»éÝ»Ý ×áÕáåñ³Í ѳÛáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñçÇÝ ÏïáñÇÝ Ñ³ßÇíÁ Ù³ùñ³Í åÇïÇ ÁÉɳÛÇÝ ³Ûëûñ: ¸³ßݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙ» ݳóÇÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ïáÕÝ»ñÁ »Õ³Ý ¸ñáÝ »õ ²ñ³ñ³ïÛ³ÝÁ: ö³ñÇ½Ç Î»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï»Ç ÅáÕáíÝ»ñáõÝ Ù»ç »ë ·ÉËáíÇÝ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï»ó³ ³Ûë Íñ³·ñÇÝ, áñ ³Õ»ï³ÉÇ ¿ñ å³ñ½³å»ë: ìݳë³Ï³ñª Ù»ñ ÅáÕáíñ¹ÇÝ, ÇëÏ ³ÝÝ»ñ»ÉǪ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ... ػͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ïí³í ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ã»½ÇÝ, »õ áñáßáõÙÁ í³í»ñ³óí»ó³í¦ (§ÆÙ Ïï³ÏÁ¦, ´»Ûñáõà 1972Ã., ¿ç 90-92): §ê³éÁ å³ï»ñ³½ÙǦ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ñ ÂáõñùdzÛÇ Ñ»ï ÝáõÛÝ µÉáÏáõÙª Áݹ¹»Ù ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý, áñÇ Ù»ç ¿ñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ: èáõµ»Ý ¸³ñµÇÝÛ³Ý. §ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñϳ ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÂáõñùÇ᪠³½³ï ³ß˳ñÑÇÝ Ñ»ï ÁÉɳÉÁ áã û ã³ñÇù ÙÁ, ³ÛÉ µ³ñÇù ÙÁÝ ¿ ³½³ï³ï»Ýã ѳÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ¦ (ï»°ë, §²½¹³Ï¦, 21-Á ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇ, 1954Ã.): Ðû·áõï ÂáõñùdzÛÇ ½µ³Õí»É ¿ Éñï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùµ Áݹ¹»Ù г۳ëï³ÝÇ »õ ³ÛÝ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝù ³å³ëï³Ý »Ý ïí»É ºÕ»éÝÇó Ù³½³åáõñÍ ï³ëÝÛ³Ï Ñ³½³ñ³íáñ ѳۻñÇ: §Ð»ï»õÛ³É ¿ç»ñáõÝ Ù»ç Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáñ»Ý åÇïÇ Ñëï³Ï»óÝ»Ýù Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ËݹÇñ ³é³ÝÓÇݪ Ù³ïݳÝß»Éáí Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ³Ùµ³ëï³ÝÛ³ÉÇ ¹»ñÁ ³Ûë ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇ Ù»ç Ñ»ï»õÛ³É ß³ñùáí: ÊݹÇñ ³é³çÇÝ. 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Harut, I may still need your help. Thanks in advance. fixed

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ÙÇÝã»õ ÑÇÙ³ Ù»½ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ѳçáÕí»É ¿, áõëïÇ ³ÛëáõÑ»ï»õ »õë ÏѳçáÕíÇ: ²ÛëÇÝùݪ ÙÇÝã»õ ÑÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù ϳñáÕ³ó»É »Ýù ѳÕÃ»É ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇÝ, ³ÛëáõÑ»ï»õ ¿É ÏѳÕûÝù, ÙÇÝã»õ ÑÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù ¹ÇÙ³ó»É »Ýù ³ñï³ùÇÝ ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, ³ÛëáõÑ»ï»õ ¿É ϹÇٳݳÝù »õ ³ÛÉÝ: ê³, ûñ»õë, ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³Ù»Ý³íï³Ý·³íáñÝ ¿, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ³å³·³ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³í³Ï³ÝÁ ¹ÇïáõÙ ¿ áã û áõÅ»ñÇ ³å³·³ ѳñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÛÉ ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûëå»ë Ùï³ÍáÕÝ»ñÁ Éáõñç åñáµÉ»Ù áõÝ»Ý ïñ³Ù³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ºÃ» ³å³·³ ѳÕóݳÏÝ»ñÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÇÝ ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí, ³å³ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ѳÕÃáÕÁ ³ÛÉ»õë »ñµ»ù ã¿ñ å³ñïíÇ, ³ÛëÇÝùݪ ÐéáÙ»³Ï³Ý ϳÛëñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñµ»ù ã¿ñ ÏáñͳÝíÇ:гçáñ¹ ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ٠³í»ÉÇ ×Çßïª ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÛÝ ¿, û г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ ͳËáõÙ ¿ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÁª Çñ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ¸Åí³ñ ¿ ѳí³ï³É, áñ ³Ý·³Ù ˻ɳÏáñáõÛëÇ Ùïùáí ϳÝóÝ»ñ, û Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÁ ͳ˻Éáí áñ»õ¿ Ù»ÏÁ г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ϳñáÕ ¿ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ»É: Æ ¹»å, Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ»Éáõ Ù³ñÙ³çÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. 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[/b] fixed This post has been edited by Harut on Jul 4 2004, 04:49 PM

Armen, My friend is a European Armenian, fluent in Russian, and has watched Qocharyan's speech live on TV. While I agree with you that many Armenians make up things to satisfy their emotional thirst or for worse reasons, I am inclined to think that my friend referenced above does not belong to that category. P.S. I am neither Qocharyan lover nor hater. I am rather indifferent to him. However, I cherish the institution of the president of Armenia, even though I think that institution is redundant and even harmful. However, it is what it is - constitutionally.

Armen, I don't know one or another way as a direct witness. I am conveying what I have been told by a European friend. Knowing him, I don't think he would make such a lie up. P.S. Have you followed the Azeri media? It is not that essential for me whether he has said that or not. It is obvious that, largely, that has been his policy. What I mentioned, earlier, I find it disturbing that a person occupying the position of the president of Armenia will give a speech on the floor of the European Parliamentary Assembly in Russian.

OK. I see no problem with them, or at least not more than with anyone else.

Indeed. I keep uninstalling it, and it keeps coming back.

No. It is not true. The Dashnak flag is red (like a communist flag) with some extra symbols on it, partially borrowed from the Masonic Fraternity.

As I admitted, I have forgotten some of the details from her life. Could you, please, present a brief essay, depicting the most important parts of her life (please no spicy details and do not exceed three pages, otherwise, I will forget again) so that next time I don't make misrepresentations? Also, when you are done, please ask the administrators to pin the thread with the material, so that it is always on the top of the list of the latest active threads. This way, you would help to minimize the possible errors when discussing that amazing woman.

As if/vs. we don't agree in other places/issues?

Thanks again for the help. I got it done per your collective instructions. Now, when it rings, I hear a fragment form the song “Yerevan.” I found most of the other tunes be really tasteless or simply non-suitable for a phone ring.

Thanks all. I'll look into it.

I still cannot figure out how to install it in my mobile phone? Could someone give further instructions, please?