The mission of Dhaka's last Armenian

[MosJan]

RIP

[Yervant1]

BDNews, Bangladesh

April 16 2020

Michael Joseph Martin, the custodian of Dhaka’s Armenian church, dies

News Desk, bdnews24.com

Michael Joseph Martin, the sole custodian of Armenian Church of Holy Resurrection in Old Dhaka’s Armanitola for more than three decades, has died at the age of 90.

He moved to Ontario, Canada following the death of his wife in 2014 and breathed his last on Apr 10, his family said.

Martin was the only Armenian living in Bangladesh. He was born on Jun 6, 1930 in Rangoon, Burma. His father was an Armenian while mother was an Iranian. His family moved to Dhaka in the 1940s and began to run a jute business.

In 1986, Martin became the custodian of Armenian Church of Holy Resurrection in Dhaka, a Greek orthodox church established in 1781 in Armanitola near Mitford Hospital. It was initially an Armenian cemetery.

Nestling in one of the busiest parts of Old Dhaka, Armenian Street used to be a thriving business area, but its Armenian community has vanished.

Little evidence remains of its presence, even though centuries ago Armenians were at the heart of Bengal's jute and leather trade.

The caretaker Martin, lovingly preserved the building against the ravages of the weather and pollution.

 

He kept the centuries-old births, deaths and marriages register and looked after the ancient tombstones that chronicle the history of the Armenian community in Bengal.

''Whatever happens I'm determined not to let this church go to rack and ruin,'' Martin had told BBC in an interview in 2003.

''I may be the last resident Armenian in Bangladesh, but I will do everything in my power to ensure that an Armenian from abroad takes over the job I have been doing. Otherwise centuries of tradition will disappear overnight,'' he said.

 

https://bdnews24.com/people/2020/04/16/michael-joseph-martin-the-custodian-of-dhakas-armenian-church-dies

[Yervant1]

Dhaka Tribune, Bangladesh

April 18 2020

Remembering the Armenians of Dhaka

Mahir Abrar

• Published at 09:29 pm April 18th, 2020

Armenians heavily influenced Dhaka's tea culture BIGSTOCK

 

A community with a long history of shaping our capital is now gone

Michael Joseph Martin, the last of the Armenians of Dhaka, passed away recently and with him the story of the Armenians in Dhaka becomes history.

Dhaka is a living, breathing entity that grows and changes with time. It is influenced and shaped by the many different people who have come here, made their lives here, and have become part of the city. Some of those people are no longer part of Dhaka, but their influences live on. The Armenian community is one such group.

The Armenians were once a wealthy and influential community in Bengal. They had settled in the region in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Armenians were willing to learn the local language and soon became intermediaries between Bengalis and Europeans. The Armenian merchants established businesses in Kolkata, Dhaka, and Narayanganj.

They built Armenian churches and thriving settlements. They built a little Armenia in each of these cities. They engaged in the trade of jute, silk, textile, and leather.

The area they lived in Dhaka became known as Armanitola, the place of Armenians. In 1747, it was estimated that Armenian merchants were responsible for at least 23% of the textiles exported from Dhaka.

The community had significant economic and political clout in Bengal. Nicholas Pogose, an Armenian businessman, was a founding member of the Dhaka municipality. He founded the Pogose School, the first private school in Dhaka. The school is one of the best and most prestigious schools in Old Dhaka today.

Herbert Michael Shircore, another Armenian businessman, had served as the chairman of the Narayangaj municipality. He was awarded the Order of the Indian Empire, Companion.

The Armenians were the first to establish European-style grocery stores in Dhaka, where they sold European-made goods catering to the European residents of Dhaka. Sushil Chaudhury, in his book Trade, Politics and Society: The Indian Milieu in the Early Modern Era, credits the Armenian grocers with helping make tea popular in Dhaka. Today tea is the drink of choice for social gatherings and addas.

 

Michael was the sole custodian of the Armenian Church of Holy Resurrection, which was founded in 1781 in Armanitola, the heart of the Armenian community in Dhaka.

Michael was born on June 6, 1930 in Rangoon, Burma when it was part of British India. His father was Armenian while his mother was Parsi. His family, like many Armenian families, was engaged in the jute trade and moved to Dhaka in the 1940s. Michael became the custodian of the church in 1986, a position he held till 2014.

During his tenure, he led prayers at the church, maintained it, and had Mother Teresa. After the death of his wife in 2014, he moved to Canada. Armen Arslanian, the warden of the church, has been taking care of the church alone since then, but he does not reside in Dhaka.

With the passing of Michael, the last member of this once thriving community, a chapter closes on the history of Dhaka. Today, the institutions they built, like the Pogose School and the Armenian Church are what remain of this community.

Today the neighbourhood of Armanitola contains no Armenians, like Farashganj (French town) contains no French speakers. The Armenian Church has no worshipers. The church now stands as a monument to the community that once thrived in Dhaka and helped shape the city.

The legacy of the Armenian community lives through the cuisine and institutions they founded. The history of the Armenian community is being preserved by the Bangladesh Armenian Heritage Project and its lead researcher, Liz Chater. The church is now a historic building under the government Department of Archaeology.

The Armenian community may no longer be here, but their influence will always be here as an immutable part of Dhaka’s identity.

Mahir Abrar is Lecturer, American International University-Bangladesh.

 

https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/2020/04/18/remembering-the-armenians-of-dhaka

[MosJan]

one day LA USA would be like this also

[Yervant1]

The Daily Star, Bangladesh

June 7 2020

The Bangladeshi-Armenian Harneys of Dhaka

Waqar A KhanJune 08, 2020

(1) Charles Wilfred Harney (1920-1975) with his children Macquir and Rita Rose, Dhaka, 1968. (2) A century-old mahogany wardrobe with two doors and foliage decoration by the renowned C. Lazarus & Co., cabinet makers of Calcutta, bought by the Harneys from Joseph Lazarus in Dhaka (Collection: Macquir Harney).

A brief on the Armenians of Dhaka: Regardless of the absence of any definitive chronicle on the advent of the Armenians in Bengal, particularly to Dhaka, historians today unanimously agree that the Armenians started to arrive in Bengal, from the late 17th century onwards. It was the lure of trade and commerce which attracted them to come here during the Mughal, Nawabi and the colonial periods – Company and the British Raj. Towards the end of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's reign, Job Charnok of the East India Company, the founder of Calcutta, is said to have enlisted the services of the hardy and industrious Armenians, then newly arrived migrants to Bengal. Their pontifical seat was in Julfa, Isfahan, in Persia (Iran). Although Christian by faith, their fluency in the Persian language, and familiarity with the Persian culture (Shiite Muslim) greatly facilitated their assimilation in Bengal, since the court and official language, that is, the lingua franca of the society, was Farsi or Persian up until 1835. However, even after the introduction of English as the official language, the larger society and local communities in the urban areas and even in the hinterland, carried on with their daily interactions as usual in Persian, Hindustani, Urdu or Bengali, to the advantage of the multilingual Armenians in Dhaka, and elsewhere in Eastern Bengal.

The provenance of the early presence of Armenians in Dhaka is borne by the fact that there are two known existing old graves of Armenians dated between 1714 and 1795, within the premises of the historic Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Rosary at Tejgaon, built in 1677. The earliest Armenians in Dhaka settled in Tejgaon. There was once a small ruined wooden Armenian chapel in Armanitola over which the Armenian Apostolic Church of the Holy Resurrection, was built later in 1781. The site on which the Church stands today, was once part of an old cemetery. This property was owned by an Armenian called Agha Catachik Minassian (Minas), who donated the land for building of the church. The mortal remains of his wife Sophie, who died in Dhaka in 1764, lie interred inside the church.

The Armenians were classified as Europeans in India during the British rule. The census of 1866 listed 107 Armenians in the town of Dhaka. According to the census, there was one clergyman, five zamindars, thirty merchants, five shopkeepers and four government servants at that time in Dhaka, who were Armenians. The Armenians were a favoured community of the British, since they were not only Christians, but an intrepidly enterprising people, imbued with a pioneering spirit, and guided by a strong work ethic. They also became readily anglicised. Thus, they blended well with other Europeans and were often members of the exclusive British social clubs in Dhaka, Narayanganj and in a few district towns of Eastern Bengal, prior to the partition of British India in 1947.

(1) Epitaph of William Harney (1830-1901) in the Armenian Churchyard, Dhaka. (2) Epitaph of Mrs Heripsima Harney (1843-1898) wife of William Harney in the Armenian Churchyard, Dhaka.

The Armenians initially traded in rawhides, salt, spices, precious stones, saltpetre, calico and indigo. Later they prospered in the 19th century as the foremost pioneers of the lucrative jute industry in Dhaka and Narayanganj, setting up mechanised factories dealing in jute and cotton textiles, thereby, becoming manufactures and retailers, initiated steam navigation businesses, dealt in wholesale trading in essential commodities, were the first to establish and operate super-shops which sold luxury European goods, and set up small shops including thrift stores, confectionaries and boarding houses (hotels). By the early 19th century quite a few had speculated wisely and invested capital in land, becoming wealthy zamindars (landholders), and notable philanthropists. In recognition of their commendable services, the Mughals, the Nawabs of Bengal and the British conferred on them the variously spelled appellations of Khajeh, Khojah or Khaja derived from the Persian honorific title of Khawaja or Khwaja, meaning lord or master. This was often corrupted or anglicised to Coja. They also carried another honorific prefix to their names, that of Agha (also Aga), signifying their Iranian antecedents.

Some of the noteworthy surnames of Armenian families of Dhaka in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries were the: Minassians/Minas's, Aminus's/Emnias's, Merkers, Servorgs, Georges, Petrus's/Petros's, Pogoses, Kevorkes, Aratoons, Manooks/Manuks, Davids, Catchatoors, Stephens, Highcazonys, Mackertichs, Bagdassors, Nahapiets, Painotys/Paneatis, Harneys, Lazarus's, Lucas's, Agacys, Michaels, Sarkies's/Cerkes's, Joakims and Thomas's. They once wielded great influence in Dhaka society, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries as notable zamindars, merchants, financiers, philanthropists, institution builders (Pogose school and Dhaka Bank) and as community leaders of the civil society in local politics (municipal bodies), art and culture (horse racing, club). In Dhaka, many of them lived in the Armenian quarters in Armanitola or elsewhere in Old Dhaka, in beautiful garden houses in Ramna, Fulbaria, Motijheel and in palatial mansions along the banks of the river Buriganga in Dhaka, as can be seen from the alluringly picturesque booklet, "Panorama of Dacca", 1840.

The Harneys are a notable Armenian family of 19th to mid-20th century Dhaka. My friend Macquir Harney, a successful hotelier in Dhaka, is a fourth generation direct descendant from his great-grandfather. This compelling story thus begins with the great-grandfather of Macquir, named William Harney (1830-1901), who was born in Belfast, Ireland, and came to Dhaka probably in the late 1840s. What actually impelled the young man to come to India (Bengal) is not clear, except to assume that he had travelled all the way to try his luck.

However, not long after his arrival in Dhaka, he volunteered and fought on behalf of the East India Company in the short-lived, abortive rebellion of the native sepoys of the Company at the historic Lalbagh fort in Dhaka in November 1857, following the failed Indian Rebellion of May 1857, in upper India starting in Meerut and ending with the fall of Mughal Delhi in September 1857. There is also a dearth of information on his life and times spent in Dhaka, besides that he married a lady named Heripsima (1843-1893) and raised a family. The older generation of the Harneys have all passed away. Sadly, they have not left behind any family chronicle. However, William along with his son Thomas William are credited for introducing the hackney-carriage – a four-wheel, horse-drawn covered carriage driven by a coachman (garwan) – to the streets of Dhaka, as an efficient mode of public transport. William died in Dhaka in 1901, and lies buried in the Armenian Churchyard along with his wife and eldest son. He and his wife had two sons: William Harney Jr (1863-1891) and Thomas William Harney (1872-1952), who was Macquir's grandfather.

A rare photograph of a jute factory, Nahapiet & Co’s, at Postagola in old Dhaka, owned by the wealthy Nahapiet Armenian family of Dhaka, circa 1907. Photo: Fritz Kapp, Dhaka [Writer’s collection]

Thomas William Harney seemed to have done well in life, and became wealthy enough to eventually acquire a sizeable zamindari estate in Dhaka and Bhola. He was liked by Nawab Sir Salimullah of Dhaka, for his social refinement. He charmed the Nawab with his fluency in Farsi and Urdu. Thomas built two large houses in old Dhaka. The first one still stands today in a dilapidated condition at Harney Street, Armanitola. The second house, also an old one, can be visited at 64, Sarat Chandra Chakravarti road, in Mahuthtolly. This house was once known locally as the "Saab Kuthi" (Saheb Bari). The celebrated Bangla poet Shamsur Rahman was once a close neighbour and friend of the Harneys here. The young poet respectfully addressed William as "Bobby Saheb". Both these houses were disposed of by the Harneys long ago. Thomas had also built a garden-house in Padma Pukur, some 122 miles south-west of Dhaka. He established The Dacca Cotton Mills in Postagola, Old Dhaka, nearby the river Buriganga. The land of the factory was leased from a Hindu family. Thomas married a lady named Teresa and had five sons, Harold, Gerald, Edward, Peter Lawrence and Charles Wilfred, and three daughters, Mary, Margaret and Carol.

Thomas William Harney and his family left the Orthodox Armenian Church and became Roman Catholics. Therefore, on their death he and his wife were buried at the Narinda Christian cemetery in Wari, instead of the Armenian Churchyard. He was the first Harney to break with the Armenian family tradition. However, he never severed his connection with the Armenian Church completely, but continued with his patronage and support, by occasionally visiting the church, and making handsome donations.

The youngest son of Thomas William and Teresa was called Charles Wilfred (1920-1975). Charles married Irene. They had two sons, Macquir and James, and a daughter, Rita Rose. The abolition of the zamindari in 1950 in East Bengal (Bangladesh), saw a steady decline in the fortunes of the Harneys. The zamindari estate in Bhola was lost and so was the property at Padma Pukur. After the Indo-Pak war of 1965, the Harneys' cotton mill at Postagola, which was originally leased from a Hindu family, was acquired by the then Pakistan government as enemy property, since the Hindu owner of the land suddenly decided to leave for India permanently. On their deaths, Charles and Irene were buried at the Narinda cemetery in Wari.

The eldest son of Charles Wilfred and Irene, Macquir Harney (b.1961), is married to Teresa Kumkum. They have two sons, Joseph Wilfred and Charles Isidore Arnob, and two daughters, Rebecca Juliet and Jennifer Antora. As mentioned earlier, Macquir is a businessman about town. Before he became a hotelier, he worked for a while with Mother Teresa's organisation, Missionaries of Charity, in Islampur, Dhaka. For his devotional social work, he was awarded a certificate by the legendary Mother Teresa of Calcutta.

 

Epitaph of Joseph Lazarus at the Armenian Church, Dhaka. He was a relation of the proprietors of C. Lazarus & Co., cabinet makers of Calcutta

 

Macquir is of an amiable deportment. He is soft-spoken and an engaging conversationalist, once you get to know him. He is trying his best to keep the Harney family legacy and the Armenian heritage alive. Over the years, almost all the Harneys have emigrated overseas, having left Dhaka and Chittagong for good. They now live in Kolkata, Australia, USA and Canada.

Macquir, too, is of the Roman Catholic persuasion, initiated first by his grandfather. Consequently, he does not regularly attend the Armenian Church. Nonetheless, he has a strong emotional connection to the church in Armanitola, where his Armenian ancestors lie buried. Moreover, he is the sole representative of the once thriving and vibrant Armenian community of Dhaka. As someone with the notable surname of Harney, he is the last link to the past amongst all those memorable surnames of the remarkable Armenian families listed above, who had once enriched the history and heritage of Dhaka manifold, the remnants and memories of which continue to intrigue us!

I am grateful to Macquir Harney, for generously sharing the images and the basic family information. His help and cooperation were invaluable.

 

Waqar A Khan is the Founder of Bangladesh Forum for Heritage Studies.

https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/the-bangladeshi-armenian-harneys-dhaka-1910585

[MosJan]

look what i have found

 

 

 

 

 

This video is part of my brother David Dilanchian's Super 8 portfolio.

 

The 2004 footage here is from when David on MiniDV filmed a reunion of his Armenian College schoolmates and their partners. Almost all people

appearing in the footage were born in, schooled in or lived for a time in India. It is then, an Indian-Armenian reunion.

The end segment is someone with Hilda and David flipping through a photo album, as we've done in this festival through film and video taken by David from 1967. David, take a long bow.

 

-------THE BACKSTORY

In 1953 brothers David and Hratch Dilanchian were sent out of the family village by their father to the Armenian College in Calcutta. It's there they received part of the primary and all their secondary education. It's there they were taught English. From India, like many Armenians of India they kept heading east. In earlier periods that might have been to Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore or Hong Kong. The Armenian presence in those places all traces back to Iran and Armenia.

 

But in the second half of the 20th century the journey east, for opportunity, was to Sydney, Australia.

 

The Armenians heading east is a story of at least 300 years. The East to East title foreshadows that yet to be properly documented story of Armenians forced by tyrants, circumstance or opportunity to keep heading east - from Armenia to Iran, India, East Indies, Australia and New Zealand.

 

-------REFERENCES

• Armenian College (Kolkata) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia... Armenians of India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia...

 

[Yervant1]

The Daily Star, Bangladesh

Jan 20 2025

 

 

Tea and the Armenians of Dhaka

 

The role of the British in introducing tea to us is well understood. But did you know that along with the British, the Armenian businessmen of Dhaka also played a significant role in popularising tea in our city?

 

Tea was not always commonplace the way it is now. According to the book Dhakai Khabar O Khaddo Sangskriti by Sadur Rahman, once upon a time in Dhaka, tea drinking was limited to the Kashmiri, British, and Armenian households.
This, of course, changed; and the Armenians played a role in it. 

In fact, the Armenian community that once lived here contributed a lot to the city. The Puran Dhaka neighbourhood known as Armanitola, and the Armenian Church of the Holy Resurrection, are just the tip of the iceberg. 

Digging deeper, another example of the Armenian contribution is the commercialisation of the horse-drawn carriage in Dhaka, bringing this mode of commute into the mainstream. One company pioneered this: G M Shircore and Sons.   

This same Armenian firm can also be attributed as a major contributor in popularising tea in our city. Sharif uddin Ahmed, in his book Dhaka: A Study in Urban History and Development (1840-1921), wrote, "G M Shircore and Sons sold such novelties as tea, and were probably responsible for popularising tea drinking in Dhaka."

https://www.thedailystar.net/my-dhaka/news/tea-and-the-armenians-dhaka-3803001