Alexander Kemurjian

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Alexander Levoni Kemurjian ( Russian: Александр Леонович Кемурджиан , October 4 , 1921 , Vladikavkaz , Soviet Russia - February 24 , 2003 , Saint Petersburg , Russia ), an outstanding Armenian Soviet scientist, engineer-designer, inventor , the creator of the world's first lunar rover and Mars rover is a doctor of technical sciences (1971), professor (1971), laureate of the Lenin Prize (1973).

 

Alexander Kemurjian was born on October 4, 1921, in Vladikavkaz, Russia. In 1941, he was admitted to the Moscow N. Bauman State Technical University. During the Second World War, students were evacuated, university courses were organized in the city of Izhevsk . Here Alexander Kemurjian joins the tank repair engineering group as a student. In 1942, as a volunteer of the Soviet Army, Kemurjian went to the Eastern Front and went through a heroic battle from the Kursk salient to Pomerania .

In 1942-1945, he was awarded the "Courage", " Red Star ", " Patriotic War ", "Sign of Honor" and "Combat Merit" medals for his exploits during the Patriotic War . Returning to studies immediately after the end of the war, Kemurjian graduated from the university with an honors diploma in 1951, then went to work at the Scientific Research Institute of Transport Engineering in St. Petersburg. Alexander Kemurjian was the deputy director and chief designer of the same institute in 1969-1991, and since 1991 he was appointed the chief adviser of the institute.

The scientific works of the talented engineer relate to high-temperature engine cooling systems, self-propelled chassis of "Lunar" stations, specialized robots, the creation of mobile devices for studying the surface of Mars and its satellite Phobos, the physical properties of Venus.

In the years 1970-1973, lunar rovers with self-propelled chassis, designed by the scientist, carried out complex missions on the moon for the first time in the world.

The outstanding scientist of the second half of the 20th century, working in the leading scientific institutions of the Soviet Union, authored more than 200 scientific publications and patented 50 inventions during his unprecedented career. For many years, the documents about Alexander Kemurjian and his activities were kept secret, and Kemurjian's works were published under the pseudonyms of Alexander, Leonovich, and Uglev.

A new era of space equipment construction was started with the space travel of a genius Armenian engineer.

In 1997, the International Astronomical Committee named asteroid #5933 after Kemurjian. In 1998, the "Melrose Books" publishing company included Alexander Kemurjian's name in the "Outstanding People of the 20th Century" British book.

Since 2010, the Russian Space Federation has been awarding the "Kemurjian" name medal for scientific discoveries in the field of space travel.

Planetary probes, lunar probes
Alexander Kemurjian is the founder of the Soviet engineering school of planetary navigation. He founded a new technological direction: space transport engineering.

In the years 1963-1973, the group of engineers led by Kemurjian worked in the directions of designing and creating automatic control chassis of lunar rover and small mars rover. As a result, the group led by a talented engineer creates the world's first robotic space vehicles, the lunar rover and the mars rover. Thanks to this new space technology, it becomes possible to obtain data about the soils of the Moon and Venus.

In 1970-1973, the scientific group led by Kemurjian, consisting of 150 engineers, designed and created the lunar probes "Lunakhod 1" and "Lunakhod 2".

"Lunakhod 1" rover
"Lunakhod 1" rover launched its mission from Earth on November 10, 1970 and landed on the surface of the Moon on November 17. The 756 kg light rover carried cameras and radio transmitters. It traveled on the moon for about 10 months, covering a distance of 11 km, while sending about 20,000 photos, 200 panoramas to Earth stations, and also performed about 500 tests of the lunar surface.

"Mars 3" rover
On December 2, 1971, the "Mars 3" [1] rover created by Kemurjian's scientific group was the first to make a soft landing on the planet Mars, carrying the "PROP-M" small robotic lunar rover weighing 4.5 kg. However, 14.5 seconds after the landing, due to a strong windstorm that started on the planet Mars, the connection with the station was cut off and was not restored later.

"STR-1" robots
In May 1986, during the nuclear disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Kemurjian was personally involved in rescue operations. "STR-1" robots were designed and produced in the shortest possible time under the leadership of a genius engineer. These autonomous transport robots worked for more than 200 hours under the high radiation conditions of the disaster and removed approximately 90 tons of radioactive waste from the disaster zone.

The involvement of special robotics in the rescue work of the Chernobyl disaster accelerated the collection of radioactive waste many times, excluding the direct intervention of about 1000 rescue servicemen.

During the rescue work of the Chernobyl disaster, the work carried out by robots was coordinated under the leadership of Alexander Kemurjian himself. The great scientist, while carrying out his humanitarian mission, received a high dose of radioactive radiation and was treated in the Moscow oncology hospital.

 

 

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