POGOS NUBAR ***** FOUNDER OF NUBARASHEN
Famous Egyptian-Armenian Pogos Nubar ***** was not only a devoted national-political figure, but also an active advocate of cultural and economic life in Egypt. Great is his contribution both to the Egyptian-Armenian community and Egypt. He was also one of the founders of famed Armenian benevolent organization- the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) and headed the organization till 1935.
Pogos Nubar ***** founded the tramway association of Alexandria, initiated the exploitation of Monzale territory’s lands, founded Heliopolis town near Cairo and was the member of diocesan council of Alexandria. He was appointed Armenia’s authorized representative to the conference held in Europe dedicated to the Armenian Cause in 1912 by the decree of then Armenian Catholicos George V, and later undertook the leadership of Armenian national delegation which was commissioned to defend Armenian Cause issues.
Pogos Nubar ***** supported not only Diaspora communities, but the Soviet Armenia as well. By his initiative and donation Nubarashen settlement was founded and built by the draft of famous Armenian architect Alexander Tamanian in 1933.
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-= POGOS NUBAR PASHA =-
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MosJan
, Jan 13 2002 12:03 AM
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#1
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Posted 13 January 2002 - 12:03 AM
#2
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Posted 21 May 2002 - 06:21 AM
can u tell me more about him? was there anything else that he did like war or something to that effect.mosjan keep me posted
#3
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Posted 06 June 2006 - 12:44 PM
born January 1825, Smyrna
died January 14, 1899, Paris, France
also called Nubar ***** Nubarian Egyptian statesman of Armenian descent who was instrumental in the negotiation of important treaties with the European powers and in the division of authority between Egyptian and British administrators.
Nubar's first important work involved the Suez Canal. The Ottoman khedive (viceroy) of Egypt, Isma'il ***** (ruled 1863–79), wanted to speed construction of the canal, which was impeded by disputes with the canal company. Nubar represented the Egyptian government in negotiations to annul the disputed provisions. He also helped to establish a system of mixed courts (begun in 1875) to try cases involving Egyptians and Europeans. He proposed that the courts be staffed with Egyptian and foreign judges, who would administer a body of law based on French law and compiled by an international commission.
Nubar was caught up in the events that led to Isma'il's deposition in 1879: under pressure by Britain and France in 1878, Isma'il named Nubar prime minister in a government that was to institute financial and political reforms; these reforms, however, infringed upon Isma'il's authority, and he soon dismissed Nubar. After the British occupation of Egypt (1882), Nubar again became prime minister, in 1884. Under the British, khedival authority was considerably curtailed while that of the prime minister was increased. Nubar successfully asserted Egyptian control of the Ministries of Justice and Interior and thereby helped to establish a dividing line between British and Egyptian authority in Egypt. His administrative talents provided an element of stability that was important for the peaceful continuance of British rule, but when, in 1888, he became too independent and tried to assert his authority over the provincial police, Britain secured his dismissal. In 1894 Nubar again became prime minister, but ill health and impatience with British domination led to his resignation the following year.
died January 14, 1899, Paris, France
also called Nubar ***** Nubarian Egyptian statesman of Armenian descent who was instrumental in the negotiation of important treaties with the European powers and in the division of authority between Egyptian and British administrators.
Nubar's first important work involved the Suez Canal. The Ottoman khedive (viceroy) of Egypt, Isma'il ***** (ruled 1863–79), wanted to speed construction of the canal, which was impeded by disputes with the canal company. Nubar represented the Egyptian government in negotiations to annul the disputed provisions. He also helped to establish a system of mixed courts (begun in 1875) to try cases involving Egyptians and Europeans. He proposed that the courts be staffed with Egyptian and foreign judges, who would administer a body of law based on French law and compiled by an international commission.
Nubar was caught up in the events that led to Isma'il's deposition in 1879: under pressure by Britain and France in 1878, Isma'il named Nubar prime minister in a government that was to institute financial and political reforms; these reforms, however, infringed upon Isma'il's authority, and he soon dismissed Nubar. After the British occupation of Egypt (1882), Nubar again became prime minister, in 1884. Under the British, khedival authority was considerably curtailed while that of the prime minister was increased. Nubar successfully asserted Egyptian control of the Ministries of Justice and Interior and thereby helped to establish a dividing line between British and Egyptian authority in Egypt. His administrative talents provided an element of stability that was important for the peaceful continuance of British rule, but when, in 1888, he became too independent and tried to assert his authority over the provincial police, Britain secured his dismissal. In 1894 Nubar again became prime minister, but ill health and impatience with British domination led to his resignation the following year.
#4
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Posted 06 June 2006 - 12:45 PM
NUBAR ***** (1825f 899), Egyptian statesman, was born at Smyrna in January 1825, the son of an Armenian merchant named Moghreditch, who had married a relative of Boghos Bey, an influential minister of Mehemet All. Boghos had promised to interest himself in the future of his young relative, and at his suggestion he was sent first to Vevey, and then to Toulouse, to be educated by the Jesuits, from whom he acquired a very perfect knowledge of French, and perhaps that singular suppleness and subtlety of character by which he was mainly distinguished. Before he was eighteen he went to Egypt, and after some eighteen months training as secretary to Boghos, who was then minister of both commerce and foreign affairs, he was made second secretary to Mehemet Ali. In 1845 he became first secretary to Ibrahim *****, the heir apparent, and accompanied him on a special mission to Europe. Abbas *****, who succeeded Ibrahim in 1848, maintained Nubar in the same capacity, and sent him in 1850 to London as his representative to resist the pretensions of the sultan, who was seeking to evade the conditions of the treaty under which Egypt was secured to the family of Mehemet Ali. Here he was so completely successful that he was made a bey; in 1853 he was sent to Vienna on a similar mission, and remained there until the death of Abbas in July 1854. The new viceroy, Said, at once dismissed him from office, but two years afterwards appointed him his chief secretary, and later gave him charge of the important transport service through Egypt to India. Here Nubar was mainly instrumental in the completion of railway communication between Cairo and Suez, and exhibited strong organising ability combined with readiness of resource. After a second time falling a victim to Saids caprice and being dismissed, he was again sent to Vienna, and returned as principal secretary to Said, a position he held till Saids death in January 1863.
On the accession of Ismail *****, Nubar Bey was in the prime of life. He was already on friendly terms with him; he even claimed to have saved his lifeat all events, it was a coincidence that the two had together refused to travel by the train the accident to which caused the death (on the 14th of May 1858) of the prince Ahmed, who would otherwise have succeeded Said. Ismail, himself a more capable man than his immediate predecessors, at once recognized the ability of Nubar, and charged him with a mission to Constantinople, not only to notify his accession, but to smooth the way for the many ambitious projects he already entertained, notably the completion of the Suez Canal, the change in title to that of khedive and the change in the order of succession. In the first of these he was completely successful; the sultan, believing as little as every one else that the canal was anything more than a dream, gave his consent at a price the moderation of which he must afterwards have regretted. The gratified Ismail created Nubar a *****, and the sultan himself, persuaded to visit Cairo, confirmed the title so rarely accorded to a Christian. Half the work was, however, yet to be done, and Nubar was sent to Paris to complete the arrangements, and to settle the differences between Egypt and the Canal Company. In what he used to call an expensive moment of enthusiasm, he left these differences to the arbitration of the emperor Napoleon III. and cost Egypt four millions sterling. On his return he was made Egypts first minister of public works, and was distinguished for the energy which he threw into the creation of a new department; but in 1866 he was made minister of foreign affairs, and at once went on a special mission to Constantinople, where he succeeded in the other two projects that had been left in abeyance since his last visit. In June 1867 Ismail was declared khcdive of Egypt, with succession in favor of his eldest son. Nubar now had a harder task to undertake than ever before. The antiquated system of capitulations which had existed in the Ottoman empire since the 15th century had grown in Egypt to be a practical creation of seventeen imperia in iinperio: seventeen consulates of seventeen different powers administered seventeen different codes in courts before which alone their subjects were amenable. A plaintiff could only sue a Frenchman in the French court, with appeal to Aix; an Italian in the Italian court, with appeal to Ancona; a Russian in the Russian court, with appeal to Moscow. Nubars bold design, for which alone he deserves the credit, was to induce these seventeen powers to consent to abandon their jurisdiction in civil actions, to substitute mixed International Courts and a uniform code binding on all. That in spite of the jealousies of all the pcwers, in spite of the opposition of the Porte, he should have succeeded, places him at once in the first rank of statesmen of his period. Nubar made no attempt to get rid of the criminal jurisdiction exercised by the consular representatives of the foreign powers such a proposal would have had, at that time, no chance of success.
The extravagant administration of Ismail, for which perhaps Nubar can hardly be held wholly responsible, had brought Egypt to the verge of bankruptcy, and Ismails disregard of the judgments of the Court at last compelled Great Britain and France to interfere. Under pressure, Ismail, who began to regret the establishment of the International Courts, assented to a mixed ministry under Nubar, with Rivers Wilson as minister of finance and de Blignires as minister of public works. Nubar, finding himself supported by both Great Britain and France, tried to reduce Ismail to the position of a constitutional monarch, and Ismail, with an astuteness worthy of a better cause, took advantage of a somewhat injudicious disbandment of certain regiments to incite a military rising against the ministry. The governments of Great Britain and France, instead of supporting the ministry against the khedive, weakly consented to Nubars dismissal; but when this was shortly followed by that of Rivers Wilson and de Blignires they realized that the situation was a critical one, and they succeeded in obtaining from the sultan the deposition of Ismail and the sub- stitution of his son Tewfik as khedive (1879). Nubar remained out of office until 1884.
In. the interval Great Britain had intervened in Egyptthe battle of Tel-el-Kebir had been fought, Arabi had been banished, and Sir Evelyn Baring (afterwards earl of Cromer) had succeeded Sir Edward Yalet. The British government, under the advice of Baring, insisted on the evacuation of the Sudan, and Sherif having resigned office, the more pliant Nubar was induced to become premier, and to carry out a policy of which he openly disapproved, but which he considered Egpyt was forced to accept under British dictation. At this period he used to say, I am not here to govern Egypt, but to administer the British government of Egypt. I am simply the greaser of the official wheels It might have been well if Nubar had confined himself to this modest programme, but it was perhaps hardly to be expected of a man of his ability and restless energy. It must be admitted, however, that the characters of Nubar and Lord Cromer were not formed to run in harness, and it was with no surprise that the public learnt in June 1888 that he had been relieved of office, though his dismissal was the direct act of the khedive Tewfik, who did not on this occasion seek the advice of the British agent. Riaz *****, who succeeded him, was, with one interval of eight months, prime minister until April 1894, when Nubar returned to office. By that time Lord Cromer had more completely grasped the reins of administration as well as of government, and Nubar had realized more clearly the role which an Egyptian minister was called on to play: Lord Cromer was the real ruler of Egypt, and the death of Tewfik in 1890 had necessitated a more open exercise of .British authority. In November 1895 Nubar completed his fifty years of service, and, accepting a pension, retired from office. He lived little more than three years longer, spending his time between Cairo and Paris, where he died in January 1899 at the age of seventy- four. (C. F. M. B.)
On the accession of Ismail *****, Nubar Bey was in the prime of life. He was already on friendly terms with him; he even claimed to have saved his lifeat all events, it was a coincidence that the two had together refused to travel by the train the accident to which caused the death (on the 14th of May 1858) of the prince Ahmed, who would otherwise have succeeded Said. Ismail, himself a more capable man than his immediate predecessors, at once recognized the ability of Nubar, and charged him with a mission to Constantinople, not only to notify his accession, but to smooth the way for the many ambitious projects he already entertained, notably the completion of the Suez Canal, the change in title to that of khedive and the change in the order of succession. In the first of these he was completely successful; the sultan, believing as little as every one else that the canal was anything more than a dream, gave his consent at a price the moderation of which he must afterwards have regretted. The gratified Ismail created Nubar a *****, and the sultan himself, persuaded to visit Cairo, confirmed the title so rarely accorded to a Christian. Half the work was, however, yet to be done, and Nubar was sent to Paris to complete the arrangements, and to settle the differences between Egypt and the Canal Company. In what he used to call an expensive moment of enthusiasm, he left these differences to the arbitration of the emperor Napoleon III. and cost Egypt four millions sterling. On his return he was made Egypts first minister of public works, and was distinguished for the energy which he threw into the creation of a new department; but in 1866 he was made minister of foreign affairs, and at once went on a special mission to Constantinople, where he succeeded in the other two projects that had been left in abeyance since his last visit. In June 1867 Ismail was declared khcdive of Egypt, with succession in favor of his eldest son. Nubar now had a harder task to undertake than ever before. The antiquated system of capitulations which had existed in the Ottoman empire since the 15th century had grown in Egypt to be a practical creation of seventeen imperia in iinperio: seventeen consulates of seventeen different powers administered seventeen different codes in courts before which alone their subjects were amenable. A plaintiff could only sue a Frenchman in the French court, with appeal to Aix; an Italian in the Italian court, with appeal to Ancona; a Russian in the Russian court, with appeal to Moscow. Nubars bold design, for which alone he deserves the credit, was to induce these seventeen powers to consent to abandon their jurisdiction in civil actions, to substitute mixed International Courts and a uniform code binding on all. That in spite of the jealousies of all the pcwers, in spite of the opposition of the Porte, he should have succeeded, places him at once in the first rank of statesmen of his period. Nubar made no attempt to get rid of the criminal jurisdiction exercised by the consular representatives of the foreign powers such a proposal would have had, at that time, no chance of success.
The extravagant administration of Ismail, for which perhaps Nubar can hardly be held wholly responsible, had brought Egypt to the verge of bankruptcy, and Ismails disregard of the judgments of the Court at last compelled Great Britain and France to interfere. Under pressure, Ismail, who began to regret the establishment of the International Courts, assented to a mixed ministry under Nubar, with Rivers Wilson as minister of finance and de Blignires as minister of public works. Nubar, finding himself supported by both Great Britain and France, tried to reduce Ismail to the position of a constitutional monarch, and Ismail, with an astuteness worthy of a better cause, took advantage of a somewhat injudicious disbandment of certain regiments to incite a military rising against the ministry. The governments of Great Britain and France, instead of supporting the ministry against the khedive, weakly consented to Nubars dismissal; but when this was shortly followed by that of Rivers Wilson and de Blignires they realized that the situation was a critical one, and they succeeded in obtaining from the sultan the deposition of Ismail and the sub- stitution of his son Tewfik as khedive (1879). Nubar remained out of office until 1884.
In. the interval Great Britain had intervened in Egyptthe battle of Tel-el-Kebir had been fought, Arabi had been banished, and Sir Evelyn Baring (afterwards earl of Cromer) had succeeded Sir Edward Yalet. The British government, under the advice of Baring, insisted on the evacuation of the Sudan, and Sherif having resigned office, the more pliant Nubar was induced to become premier, and to carry out a policy of which he openly disapproved, but which he considered Egpyt was forced to accept under British dictation. At this period he used to say, I am not here to govern Egypt, but to administer the British government of Egypt. I am simply the greaser of the official wheels It might have been well if Nubar had confined himself to this modest programme, but it was perhaps hardly to be expected of a man of his ability and restless energy. It must be admitted, however, that the characters of Nubar and Lord Cromer were not formed to run in harness, and it was with no surprise that the public learnt in June 1888 that he had been relieved of office, though his dismissal was the direct act of the khedive Tewfik, who did not on this occasion seek the advice of the British agent. Riaz *****, who succeeded him, was, with one interval of eight months, prime minister until April 1894, when Nubar returned to office. By that time Lord Cromer had more completely grasped the reins of administration as well as of government, and Nubar had realized more clearly the role which an Egyptian minister was called on to play: Lord Cromer was the real ruler of Egypt, and the death of Tewfik in 1890 had necessitated a more open exercise of .British authority. In November 1895 Nubar completed his fifty years of service, and, accepting a pension, retired from office. He lived little more than three years longer, spending his time between Cairo and Paris, where he died in January 1899 at the age of seventy- four. (C. F. M. B.)
#5
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Posted 06 June 2006 - 12:51 PM
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#6
MosJan
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Posted 06 June 2006 - 12:56 PM
QUOTE
"Pogos Nubar ***** supported not only Diaspora communities, but the Soviet Armenia as well. By his initiative and donation Nubarashen settlement was founded and built by the draft of famous Armenian architect Alexander Tamanian in 1933."
is that the settlement known as Sovetashen ??? next to the garbage dump
#7
Harut
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#8
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Posted 06 June 2006 - 01:12 PM
hishetsy hishetsy
iy mard es tserutyun@ mi ban chi
iy mard es tserutyun@ mi ban chi
#9
Yervant1
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Posted 07 April 2024 - 06:26 AM
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Mausoleum of Arakal Bey Nubarian former governor of Sudan. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
Arunansh Goswami and his father with Fr. Krikor Mouradian at the Armenian Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. Photo Credit: Arshag Mouradian
Mausoleum of Nubar Pasha Nubarian. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
Inside the church of St. Poghos-Petros. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
Inside the church of St. Poghos-Petros. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
How an Armenian Family Helped Build Modern Egypt
BY ARUNANSH B. GOSWAMI
I recently visited Egypt, where there is a large Armenian diaspora community. As an analyst and author who writes about Armenian geopolitics and history, exploring the history of Armenians in Egypt was indeed important, as Egypt is a civilizational state like India and Armenia. Interestingly, I found that in Egypt, similar to in India, Armenians have contributed significantly in multiple fields of human endeavors for the development of their adoptive country. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, “the relationship between Armenians and Egyptians goes back to the Pharaonic times.” In this article, I will focus on Nubar Pasha Nubarian and his family.
One of the most prominent Armenian-Egyptian families was that of Nubar Pasha, who started his career in Egypt as the secretary of his uncle, Boghos Bey Yusufian. Yusufian was a close, high-ranking officer of Muhammad Ali—the ethic Albanian born in Greece—who was governor of Egypt at the time. I went all the way to Alexandria to visit the mausoleum of Nubar Pasha and other members of his family including, Boghos Joussouff Bey and Arakal Bey Nubarian, a former governor of Sudan. The mausoleum is found inside the compound of the Armenian Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, which is located in the garden next to the church of St. Poghos-Petros.
Mausoleum of Arakal Bey Nubarian former governor of Sudan. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
Within this complex is an Armenian school, which is now closed due to lack of students, as well as a memorial to the Armenians who were slaughtered by Ottoman Turks during the Armenian Genocide. The flag of Armenia and portraits of popular Armenian-Egyptians can be seen in this complex. I would like to thank Fr. Krikor Mouradian and his son, Arshag, for their amazing hospitality and respect for India. I sincerely appreciated their willingness to explain the history of Armenians in Egypt to me and my father, and for even showing me where in the church Arshag was baptized.
The Nubarian family from Artsakh played an important role, not just in modernization of Egypt but also the strengthening of Armenian national identity in the age of nationalism. Chaventour district in Karabakh was ruled by Boghos Nubar’s great-great-grandfather. It is said that he was a great warrior who successfully protected his district against enemies, until the assassination of Mekhitar Sparapet, the head of the Armenian army, in 1730. After Mekhitar’s death, Nubar was forced to abandon his homeland and settle in Smyrna (Modern day Izmir), in the Ottoman Empire.
Arunansh Goswami and his father with Fr. Krikor Mouradian at the Armenian Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. Photo Credit: Arshag Mouradian
Did you know an Armenian was awarded the Nile Medal of Honor, Egypt’s highest award? His name was Nubar Pasha Nubarian, who later became Prime Minister of Egypt. A statue of this Armenian-Egyptian statesman has been placed in-front of the Muhammad Ali Opera in Alexandria. British Controller-General of Egypt and the Suez Canal zone, Evelyn Baring, later Lord Cromer, wrote, “Nubar Pasha is the most interesting amongst modern Egyptian politicians, with intellect he is way up of his rivals.”
The contribution of Nubar to the construction of the Suez Canal cannot be gainsaid, connecting the Red and Mediterranean Seas. The ruler of Egypt, Ismail Pasha, was happy with Nubar Bey’s efforts, and instructed him to take over the completion of work on the Suez Canal. He reached the top of his career in 1878, when appointed as prime minister of Egypt, the first time in the history of the country. He served as Prime Minister three times during his career.
Mausoleum of Nubar Pasha Nubarian. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
It has been mentioned that the city of Heliopolis could not be constructed in the middle of a desert if he would not have established Cairo’s Water Company, which introduced piped water. His contribution to the welfare of Egyptians was so great that Ismail honored him by naming a new canal in the province of Beheira after him—”Nubariyya”. Also, as a reward for his support in improving various types of cotton, Egypt’s single most profitable and prized product at the time, a type of long-staple cotton was named “Nubari” after him.
Inside the church of St. Poghos-Petros. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. GoswamiRaymond Poincare, former French president, referred to Boghos Nubar as “one of those few people who combines a highest moral with a great intellect.” Boghos Nubar was the great-great-grandson of Nubar from Artsakh, and on November 10, 1912, he was invited by the Catholicos of All Armenians to head the Armenian National Delegation to advocate for the Armenian Cause before European powers who were discussing the Balkan War in London. The Armenians worked on three levels: Boghos Nubar in Paris and London; Dr. Hagop Zavriev in Petrograd; and the Security Council of the Armenian Parliament in Constantinople.
Boghos Nubar’s most significant achievement for the Armenian community is generally considered to be the founding of the Armenian General Benevolent Union in Cairo, Egypt, in 1906. As per Vahram Hovyan Expert, Centre for the Armenian Studies, Noravank Foundation, “Boghos Nubar Pasha established in 1906 the AGBU in Cairo. This organization had made valuable contributions both for solving the national problems in the pre-statehood period (before the First Republic of Armenia was declared on May 28, 1918), and in strengthening the Armenian statehood after it was restored, as well as cooperated with the First, Second and Third Republics.”
During Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan’s recent visit to Egypt, Prime Minister of Egypt Mostafa Madbuli thanked his Armenian counterpart for naming one of Yerevan’s squares after Egypt, while added that one of the capital’s squares in Egypt will soon be named after Armenia. Pashinyan even met Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed El-Tayeb, the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, during his visit. Armenia-Egypt relations are close and cordial.
Inside the church of St. Poghos-Petros. Photo Credit: Arunansh B. Goswami
It is advantageous for Armenia that it’s other good friend, India, also has very good diplomatic relations with Egypt. President Sisi was even the Chief Guest of India’s 74th Republic Day. The contributions made by Armenians to the development of Egypt have indeed been a lot. Civilizational states like India, Egypt, and Armenia—each with thousands of years of history—should work together to establish peace in the South Caucasus by cooperating with one another, and working towards greater economic development for the welfare of our peoples.
Arunansh B. Goswami is an author, historian and advocate in the Supreme Court of India. He is a member of the Bar Association of Delhi and the Supreme Court Bar Association in India. Goswami has written on the history, culture and politics of various countries in several national and international publications.
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